js使用formData实现批量上传

最近项目需要批量上传附件,查了下资料,网上很多但看着一脸懵,只贴部分代码,介绍也不详细,这里记录一下自己的采坑与多种实现,以免以后忘记。

这里先介绍下FormData对象,以下内容摘自地址

XMLHttpRequest Level 2添加了一个新的接口FormData.利用FormData对象,我们可以通过JavaScript用一些键值对来模拟一系列表单控件,我们还可以使用XMLHttpRequest的send()方法来异步的提交这个"表单".比起普通的ajax,使用FormData的最大优点就是我们可以异步上传一个二进制文件.

在我的自定义input文件上传样式里就已经实现里单文件上传,并且实现了自定义input样式;如果构造FormData对象是传入表单js对象,formData会自动注入表单里的值;如果是new一个空对象,然后手动append的表单类型为file时要注意:这里append进去的是File对象,而不是FileList对象

先看一下大概效果:

controller有两种方法:三种方式调的都是用一个接口

/**

* 批量上传

*/

@PostMapping("upload")

public ResultModel<List<AttachmentVo>> upload(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam("applyId") String applyId){

List<MultipartFile> multipartFileList = ((MultipartHttpServletRequest) request).getFiles("attachment");

System.out.println(multipartFileList.size());

System.out.println(applyId);

return null;

}

/**

* 批量上传2 (推荐使用)

*/

@PostMapping("upload2")

public ResultModel<List<AttachmentVo>> upload2(MultipartFile[] attachment,@RequestParam("applyId") String applyId){

System.out.println(attachment.length);

System.out.println(applyId);

return null;

}

方式1

点击Add,追加一个input,点击Delete,删除一个input,点击叉号也可以删除对应的input,需要单独为每个input选择文件

效果

html

<form id="attachments" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="form-horizontal nice-validator n-yellow" novalidate="novalidate">

<div class='form-body'>

<div class='form-group'>

<label class="control-label col-md-1">附件管理:</label>

<div class="col-md-4">

<button id="attachmentAddBtn" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Add Attachment</button>

<button id="attachmentDeleteBtn" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Delete Attachment</button>

<button id="attachmentUploadBtn" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Upload</button>

</div>

</div>

<div class='form-group'>

<label class="control-label col-md-1">附件上传:</label>

<div id="attachmentInputs" class="col-md-3">

</div>

</div>

</div>

</form>

js

//attachment-remove

$("#attachmentInputs").on("click", ".attachment-remove", function (even) {

$(this).prev().remove();//删除上一个兄弟节点

$(this).remove();//删除自己

});

//add but

$("#attachmentAddBtn").click(function (even) {

//name值一样就可以

$("#attachmentInputs").append("<input name=\"attachment\" type=\"file\" class=\"form-control input-attachment\"/><i class=\"fa fa-times attachment-remove\"></i>");

});

//delete

$("#attachmentDeleteBtn").click(function (even) {

var files = $("#attachmentInputs input[type='file']");

files.each(function (index, element) {

//从最下面开始删除,至少保留一个

if (!(index === 0) && index === (files.length - 1)) {

$(element).next().remove();

$(element).remove();

}

});

});

//upload

$("#attachmentUploadBtn").click(function (even) {

//1、通过HTML表单创建FormData对象 自动注入

// var formData = new FormData($("#attachments")[0]);

//2、从零开始创建FormData对象 手动注入

var formData = new FormData();

//注入 name=file

var files = $("#attachmentInputs input[type='file']");

for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {

//注意:这里append进去的是File对象,而不是FileList对象

formData.append("attachment", files[i].files[0]);

}

//注入name=text

formData.append("applyId", "123456");

console.log(formData.getAll("attachment"));

//执行上传

$.ajax({

url: ctx + "/attachment/upload2",

type: "post",

data: formData,

processData: false,

contentType: false,

success: function (data) {

},

error: function (e) {

}

});

});

//add one input

$("#attachmentAddBtn").click();

方式2

第二种方式只有一个input,用的是multiple="multiple"属性,可以再弹窗里选择多个文件提交,如果再加工一下,也做成第三种一样,展示出文件名,同时可以删除对应的文件

效果

html

<form id="attachments2" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="form-horizontal" novalidate="novalidate">

<div class='form-body'>

<div class='form-group'>

<label class="control-label col-md-1">附件管理:</label>

<div class="col-md-4">

<button id="attachmentUploadBtn2" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Upload</button>

</div>

</div>

<div class='form-group'>

<label class="control-label col-md-1">附件上传:</label>

<div id="attachmentInputs2" class="col-md-3">

<input name="attachment" type="file" class="form-control input-attachment" multiple="multiple"/>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</form>

js

//upload2

$("#attachmentUploadBtn2").click(function (even) {

//1、通过HTML表单创建FormData对象 自动注入

// var formData = new FormData($("#attachments2")[0]);

//2、从零开始创建FormData对象 手动注入

var formData = new FormData();

//注入 name=file

var files = $("#attachmentInputs2 input[type='file']");

for (var i = 0; i < files[0].files.length; i++) {

formData.append("attachment", files[0].files[i]);

}

//注入name=text

formData.append("applyId", "123456");

console.log(formData.getAll("attachment"));

//执行上传

$.ajax({

url: ctx + "/attachment/upload2",

type: "post",

data: formData,

processData: false,

contentType: false,

success: function (data) {

},

error: function (e) {

}

});

});

方式3

定义了一个隐藏的input,并将Select File按钮的click与input的click对等,点击按钮相当于点击input,弹出选择文件对话框,监听了input的change事件,将选择的file对象push到全局数组变量attachmentArray中,点击Upload时再遍历注入到formData中

效果

html

<form id="attachments3" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="form-horizontal" novalidate="novalidate">

<div class='form-body'>

<div class='form-group'>

<label class="control-label col-md-1">附件管理:</label>

<div class="col-md-4">

<button id="selectFile" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Select File</button>

<button id="attachmentUploadBtn3" type="button" class="btn btn-default">Upload</button>

</div>

</div>

<div class='form-group'>

<label class="control-label col-md-1">附件上传:</label>

<input id="attachmentInputs3" type="file" style="display: none;"/>

<div id="attachmentText3" class="col-md-3">

</div>

</div>

</div>

</form>

js

//存放file对象

var attachmentArray = [];

//attachment-remove

$("#attachmentText3").on("click", ".attachment-remove", function (even) {

//删除attachmentArray数据

attachmentArray.splice($(this).data("index"), 1);

//删除html对象

$(this).prev().prev().remove();

$(this).prev().remove();

$(this).remove();

});

//Select File

$("#selectFile").click(function (even) {

// 获取input

$("#attachmentInputs3").click();

});

//input change

$("#attachmentInputs3").change(function (even) {

// 获取input

var fileName = $(this).val();

var file = $(this)[0].files[0];

//是否选择了文件

if (fileName) {

attachmentArray.push(file);

$("#attachmentText3").append("<div><p class='attachment-text-p'>" + fileName + "</p><i data-index='" + (attachmentArray.length - 1) + "' class=\"fa fa-times attachment-remove\"></i></div>")

}

});

//upload3

$("#attachmentUploadBtn3").click(function (even) {

//这里只能手动注入

var formData = new FormData();

//遍历数据,手动注入formData

for (var i = 0; i < attachmentArray.length; i++) {

formData.append("attachment", attachmentArray[i]);

}

formData.append("applyId", "123456");

console.log(formData.getAll("attachment"));

//执行上传

$.ajax({

url: ctx + "/attachment/upload",

type: "post",

data: formData,

processData: false,

contentType: false,

success: function (data) {

},

error: function (e) {

}

});

});

最后看一下file数据、请求头、还有振奋人心的后台成功接参图

file数据

请求头

成功接参

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