利用Builder方式创建对象示例代码

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：综合

前言

在创建对象需要初始化数据，数据参数不容易区别，可传可不传的时候，可以考虑使用Builder建造方法创建。每每当看到别人写的用Bulder方式来调用，就觉得so cool，那就自己也来用Builder方式创建对象吧。

下面话不多说了，来一起看看详细的介绍吧

现在要录入一系列人员的基本信息的示例：

创建Person类

public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private float height;
private float weight;
public Person(String name, int age, float height, float weight) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.height = height;
this.weight = weight;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public float getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(float height) {
this.height = height;
}
public float getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(float weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
}

那么创建对象就是这样，后面参数不容易看出表示的是什么，可读性不强

new Person("冯提莫",18,150,43);
new Person("温婉",17,164,48);

用Builder模式进行改造

创建一个Builder类，属性和Person类一样，加上SetXxx()方法

static class Builder{
private String name;
private int age;
private float height;
private float weight;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void setHeight(float height) {
this.height = height;
}
public void setWeight(float weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
}

将Person的构造方法改为传入Builder对象，将Builder对象的属性值都赋予Person对象

public Person(Builder builder){
this.name = builder.name;
this.age = builder.age;
this.height = builder.height;
this.weight = builder.weight;
}

改造Builder类，关键步骤是将各个set方法返回Builder类对象，这样就能继续愉快地连续调用set方法了，最后调用build()创建方法返回Person对象。

static class Builder{
private String name;
private int age;
private float height;
private float weight;
public Builder setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
}
public Builder setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
return this;
}
public Builder setHeight(float height) {
this.height = height;
return this;
}
public Builder setWeight(float weight) {
this.weight = weight;
return this;
}
public Person build(){
return new Person(this);
}
}

将各个set方法的返回值类型改为Builder，每次都返回builder对象，这样才能将set方法实现连续的链式调用。

build()方法创建一个person对象，会调用Person的带参构造方法，将builder对象的属性依次赋予person对象。person中的属性值就是链式调用set方法的各个值。

使用Builder模式创建Person对象，明显看出代码可读性大大增强。注：Builder创建方式通常是在创建的对象少的情况下使用。

Person person = new Person.Builder()
.setName("莉哥")
.setAge(20)
.setHeight(162)
.setWeight(45)
.build();

总结

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