SpringBoot MockMvc单元测试的示例代码

为何使用MockMvc?

对模块进行集成测试时,希望能够通过输入URL对Controller进行测试,如果通过启动服务器,建立http client进行测试,这样会使得测试变得很麻烦,比如,启动速度慢,测试验证不方便,依赖网络环境等,所以为了可以对Controller进行测试,我们引入了MockMVC。

MockMvc实现了对Http请求的模拟,能够直接使用网络的形式,转换到Controller的调用,这样可以使得测试速度快、不依赖网络环境,而且提供了一套验证的工具,这样可以使得请求的验证统一而且很方便。

MockMvcBuilder

MockMvc是spring测试下的一个非常好用的类,他们的初始化需要在setUp中进行。

MockMvcBuilder是用来构造MockMvc的构造器,其主要有两个实现:StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder,前者继承了后者。

① MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext context):指定WebApplicationContext,将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc;

② MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(Object... controllers):通过参数指定一组控制器,这样就不需要从上下文获取了,比如this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(this.controller).build();

这些Builder还提供了其他api,可以自行百度

1.添加测试依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>top.ytheng</groupId>

<artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId>

<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<packaging>jar</packaging>

<parent>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>

<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->

</parent>

<properties>

<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

<java.version>1.8</java.version>

</properties>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

<scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>

<optional>true</optional>

<scope>true</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>

</project>

2.添加MocMvc测试类

package top.ytheng.demo;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;

//底层用junit SpringJunit4ClassRunner

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

//启动整个Springboot工程

@SpringBootTest(classes= {DemoApplication.class})

//鼠标选中SpringBootTestDemo后执行Run As -> JUnit Test可以同时执行多个测试

@AutoConfigureMockMvc

public class MockMvcTestDemo {

@Autowired

private MockMvc mockMvc;

@Test

public void mockTest() throws Exception {

MvcResult mockResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/file/testpath")).

andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andReturn();

int status = mockResult.getResponse().getStatus();

System.out.println(status);

}

}

3.添加测试控制器

package top.ytheng.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/file")

public class FileController {

@RequestMapping("/testpath")

@ResponseBody

private Object testPath() {

return filePath;

}

}

4.添加启动类

package top.ytheng.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication //等于下面3个

//@SpringBootConfiguration

//@EnableAutoConfiguration

//@ComponentScan

public class DemoApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);

}

}

5.鼠标选中MockMvcTestDemo类名,使用快捷键启动JUnit测试(Shift + Alt + X,T),进行测试

以上是 SpringBoot MockMvc单元测试的示例代码 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/344476.html

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