PostgreSQL实现交叉表(行列转换)的5种方法示例

交叉表

交叉表(Cross Tabulations)是一种常用的分类汇总表格。使用交叉表查询,显示源于表中某个字段的汇总值,并将它们分组,其中一组列在数据表的左侧,另一组列在数据表的上部。行和列的交叉处可以对数据进行多种汇总计算,如:求和、平均值、记数、最大值、最小值等。使用交叉表查询数据非常直观明了,被广泛应用。交叉表查询也是数据库的一个特点。

例如:

  select 表1.组名,

  (select 表1.成员姓名 from 表2 b where 表1.成员1id=表2.成员id) as 成员1id,

  (select 表1.成员姓名 from 表2 b where 表1.成员2id=表2.成员id) as 成员2id,

  (select 表1.成员姓名 from 表2 b where 表1.成员3id=表2.成员id) as 成员3id

  from 表1,表2

  --这种就是交叉表查询

交叉报表是报表当中常见的类型,属于基本的报表,是行、列方向都有分组的报表。这里牵涉到另外一个概念即分组报表。这是所有报表当中最普通,最常见的报表类型,也是所有报表工具都支持的一种报表格式。从一般概念上来讲,分组报表就是只有纵向的分组。传统的分组报表制作方式是把报表划分为条带状,用户根据一个数据绑定向导指定分组,汇总字段,生成标准的分组报表。

这里我来演示下在POSTGRESQL里面如何实现交叉表的展示,下面话不多说了,来一起看看详细的介绍吧

原始表数据如下:

t_girl=# select * from score;

name | subject | score

-------+---------+-------

Lucy | English | 100

Lucy | Physics | 90

Lucy | Math | 85

Lily | English | 95

Lily | Physics | 81

Lily | Math | 84

David | English | 100

David | Physics | 86

David | Math | 89

Simon | English | 90

Simon | Physics | 76

Simon | Math | 79

(12 rows)

Time: 2.066 ms

想要实现以下的结果:

name | English | Physics | Math

------+---------+---------+------

Simon | 90 | 76 | 79

Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85

Lily | 95 | 81 | 84

David | 100 | 86 | 89

大致有以下几种方法:

1、用标准SQL展现出来

t_girl=# select name,

t_girl-# sum(case when subject = 'English' then score else 0 end) as "English",

t_girl-# sum(case when subject = 'Physics' then score else 0 end) as "Physics",

t_girl-# sum(case when subject = 'Math' then score else 0 end) as "Math"

t_girl-# from score

t_girl-# group by name order by name desc;

name | English | Physics | Math

-------+---------+---------+------

Simon | 90 | 76 | 79

Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85

Lily | 95 | 81 | 84

David | 100 | 86 | 89

(4 rows)

Time: 1.123 ms

2、用PostgreSQL 提供的第三方扩展 tablefunc 带来的函数实现

以下函数crosstab 里面的SQL必须有三个字段,name, 分类以及分类值来作为起始参数,必须以name,分类值作为输出参数。

t_girl=# SELECT *

FROM crosstab('select name,subject,score from score order by name desc',$$values ('English'::text),('Physics'::text),('Math'::text)$$)

AS score(name text, English int, Physics int, Math int);

name | english | physics | math

-------+---------+---------+------

Simon | 90 | 76 | 79

Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85

Lily | 95 | 81 | 84

David | 100 | 86 | 89

(4 rows)

Time: 2.059 ms

3、用PostgreSQL 自身的聚合函数实现

t_girl=# select name,split_part(split_part(tmp,',',1),':',2) as "English",

t_girl-# split_part(split_part(tmp,',',2),':',2) as "Physics",

t_girl-# split_part(split_part(tmp,',',3),':',2) as "Math"

t_girl-# from

t_girl-# (

t_girl(# select name,string_agg(subject||':'||score,',') as tmp from score group by name order by name desc

t_girl(# ) as T;

name | English | Physics | Math

-------+---------+---------+------

Simon | 90 | 76 | 79

Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85

Lily | 95 | 81 | 84

David | 100 | 86 | 89

(4 rows)

Time: 2.396 ms

4、 存储函数实现

create or replace function func_ytt_crosstab_py ()

returns setof ytt_crosstab

as

$ytt$

for row in plpy.cursor("select name,string_agg(subject||':'||score,',') as tmp from score group by name order by name desc"):

a = row['tmp'].split(',')

yield (row['name'],a[0].split(':')[1],a[1].split(':')[1],a[2].split(':')[1])

$ytt$ language plpythonu;

t_girl=# select name,english,physics,math from func_ytt_crosstab_py();

name | english | physics | math

-------+---------+---------+------

Simon | 90 | 76 | 79

Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85

Lily | 95 | 81 | 84

David | 100 | 86 | 89

(4 rows)

Time: 2.687 ms

5、 用PLPGSQL来实现

t_girl=# create type ytt_crosstab as (name text, English text, Physics text, Math text);

CREATE TYPE

Time: 22.518 ms

create or replace function func_ytt_crosstab ()

returns setof ytt_crosstab

as

$ytt$

declare v_name text := '';

v_english text := '';

v_physics text := '';

v_math text := '';

v_tmp_result text := '';

declare cs1 cursor for select name,string_agg(subject||':'||score,',') from score group by name order by name desc;

begin

open cs1;

loop

fetch cs1 into v_name,v_tmp_result;

exit when not found;

v_english = split_part(split_part(v_tmp_result,',',1),':',2);

v_physics = split_part(split_part(v_tmp_result,',',2),':',2);

v_math = split_part(split_part(v_tmp_result,',',3),':',2);

return query select v_name,v_english,v_physics,v_math;

end loop;

end;

$ytt$ language plpgsql;

t_girl=# select name,English,Physics,Math from func_ytt_crosstab();

name | english | physics | math

-------+---------+---------+------

Simon | 90 | 76 | 79

Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85

Lily | 95 | 81 | 84

David | 100 | 86 | 89

(4 rows)

Time: 2.127 ms

总结

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