PostgreSQL实现交叉表(行列转换)的5种方法示例
交叉表
交叉表(Cross Tabulations)是一种常用的分类汇总表格。使用交叉表查询,显示源于表中某个字段的汇总值,并将它们分组,其中一组列在数据表的左侧,另一组列在数据表的上部。行和列的交叉处可以对数据进行多种汇总计算,如:求和、平均值、记数、最大值、最小值等。使用交叉表查询数据非常直观明了,被广泛应用。交叉表查询也是数据库的一个特点。
例如:
select 表1.组名,
(select 表1.成员姓名 from 表2 b where 表1.成员1id=表2.成员id) as 成员1id,
(select 表1.成员姓名 from 表2 b where 表1.成员2id=表2.成员id) as 成员2id,
(select 表1.成员姓名 from 表2 b where 表1.成员3id=表2.成员id) as 成员3id
from 表1,表2
--这种就是交叉表查询
交叉报表是报表当中常见的类型,属于基本的报表,是行、列方向都有分组的报表。这里牵涉到另外一个概念即分组报表。这是所有报表当中最普通,最常见的报表类型,也是所有报表工具都支持的一种报表格式。从一般概念上来讲,分组报表就是只有纵向的分组。传统的分组报表制作方式是把报表划分为条带状,用户根据一个数据绑定向导指定分组,汇总字段,生成标准的分组报表。
这里我来演示下在POSTGRESQL里面如何实现交叉表的展示,下面话不多说了,来一起看看详细的介绍吧
原始表数据如下:
t_girl=# select * from score;
name | subject | score
-------+---------+-------
Lucy | English | 100
Lucy | Physics | 90
Lucy | Math | 85
Lily | English | 95
Lily | Physics | 81
Lily | Math | 84
David | English | 100
David | Physics | 86
David | Math | 89
Simon | English | 90
Simon | Physics | 76
Simon | Math | 79
(12 rows)
Time: 2.066 ms
想要实现以下的结果:
name | English | Physics | Math
------+---------+---------+------
Simon | 90 | 76 | 79
Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85
Lily | 95 | 81 | 84
David | 100 | 86 | 89
大致有以下几种方法:
1、用标准SQL展现出来
t_girl=# select name,
t_girl-# sum(case when subject = 'English' then score else 0 end) as "English",
t_girl-# sum(case when subject = 'Physics' then score else 0 end) as "Physics",
t_girl-# sum(case when subject = 'Math' then score else 0 end) as "Math"
t_girl-# from score
t_girl-# group by name order by name desc;
name | English | Physics | Math
-------+---------+---------+------
Simon | 90 | 76 | 79
Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85
Lily | 95 | 81 | 84
David | 100 | 86 | 89
(4 rows)
Time: 1.123 ms
2、用PostgreSQL 提供的第三方扩展 tablefunc 带来的函数实现
以下函数crosstab 里面的SQL必须有三个字段,name, 分类以及分类值来作为起始参数,必须以name,分类值作为输出参数。
t_girl=# SELECT *
FROM crosstab('select name,subject,score from score order by name desc',$$values ('English'::text),('Physics'::text),('Math'::text)$$)
AS score(name text, English int, Physics int, Math int);
name | english | physics | math
-------+---------+---------+------
Simon | 90 | 76 | 79
Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85
Lily | 95 | 81 | 84
David | 100 | 86 | 89
(4 rows)
Time: 2.059 ms
3、用PostgreSQL 自身的聚合函数实现
t_girl=# select name,split_part(split_part(tmp,',',1),':',2) as "English",
t_girl-# split_part(split_part(tmp,',',2),':',2) as "Physics",
t_girl-# split_part(split_part(tmp,',',3),':',2) as "Math"
t_girl-# from
t_girl-# (
t_girl(# select name,string_agg(subject||':'||score,',') as tmp from score group by name order by name desc
t_girl(# ) as T;
name | English | Physics | Math
-------+---------+---------+------
Simon | 90 | 76 | 79
Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85
Lily | 95 | 81 | 84
David | 100 | 86 | 89
(4 rows)
Time: 2.396 ms
4、 存储函数实现
create or replace function func_ytt_crosstab_py ()
returns setof ytt_crosstab
as
$ytt$
for row in plpy.cursor("select name,string_agg(subject||':'||score,',') as tmp from score group by name order by name desc"):
a = row['tmp'].split(',')
yield (row['name'],a[0].split(':')[1],a[1].split(':')[1],a[2].split(':')[1])
$ytt$ language plpythonu;
t_girl=# select name,english,physics,math from func_ytt_crosstab_py();
name | english | physics | math
-------+---------+---------+------
Simon | 90 | 76 | 79
Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85
Lily | 95 | 81 | 84
David | 100 | 86 | 89
(4 rows)
Time: 2.687 ms
5、 用PLPGSQL来实现
t_girl=# create type ytt_crosstab as (name text, English text, Physics text, Math text);
CREATE TYPE
Time: 22.518 ms
create or replace function func_ytt_crosstab ()
returns setof ytt_crosstab
as
$ytt$
declare v_name text := '';
v_english text := '';
v_physics text := '';
v_math text := '';
v_tmp_result text := '';
declare cs1 cursor for select name,string_agg(subject||':'||score,',') from score group by name order by name desc;
begin
open cs1;
loop
fetch cs1 into v_name,v_tmp_result;
exit when not found;
v_english = split_part(split_part(v_tmp_result,',',1),':',2);
v_physics = split_part(split_part(v_tmp_result,',',2),':',2);
v_math = split_part(split_part(v_tmp_result,',',3),':',2);
return query select v_name,v_english,v_physics,v_math;
end loop;
end;
$ytt$ language plpgsql;
t_girl=# select name,English,Physics,Math from func_ytt_crosstab();
name | english | physics | math
-------+---------+---------+------
Simon | 90 | 76 | 79
Lucy | 100 | 90 | 85
Lily | 95 | 81 | 84
David | 100 | 86 | 89
(4 rows)
Time: 2.127 ms
总结
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