Spring Boot Rest控制器单元测试过程解析

Spring Boot" title="Spring Boot">Spring Boot提供了一种为Rest Controller文件编写单元测试的简便方法。在SpringJUnit4ClassRunner和MockMvc的帮助下,可以创建一个Web应用程序上下文来为Rest Controller文件编写单元测试。

单元测试应该写在src/test/java目录下,用于编写测试的类路径资源应该放在src/test/resources目录下。

对于编写单元测试,需要在构建配置文件中添加Spring Boot Starter Test依赖项,如下所示。

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

<scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

XML

Gradle用户可以在build.gradle 文件中添加以下依赖项。

testCompile(‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test‘)

在编写测试用例之前,应该先构建RESTful Web服务。 有关构建RESTful Web服务的更多信息,请参阅本教程中给出的相同章节。

编写REST控制器的单元测试

在本节中,看看如何为REST控制器编写单元测试。

首先,需要创建用于通过使用MockMvc创建Web应用程序上下文的Abstract类文件,并定义mapToJson()和mapFromJson()方法以将Java对象转换为JSON字符串并将JSON字符串转换为Java对象。

package com.yiibai.demo;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class)

@WebAppConfiguration

public abstract class AbstractTest {

protected MockMvc mvc;

@Autowired

WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

protected void setUp() {

mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();

}

protected String mapToJson(Object obj) throws JsonProcessingException {

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);

}

protected <T> T mapFromJson(String json, Class<T> clazz)

throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

return objectMapper.readValue(json, clazz);

}

}

接下来,编写一个扩展AbstractTest类的类文件,并为每个方法(如GET,POST,PUT和DELETE)编写单元测试。

下面给出了GET API测试用例的代码。 此API用于查看产品列表。

@Test

public void getProductsList() throws Exception {

String uri = "/products";

MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(uri)

.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)).andReturn();

int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();

assertEquals(200, status);

String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

Product[] productlist = super.mapFromJson(content, Product[].class);

assertTrue(productlist.length > 0);

}

POST API测试用例的代码如下。 此API用于创建产品。

@Test

public void createProduct() throws Exception {

String uri = "/products";

Product product = new Product();

product.setId("3");

product.setName("Ginger");

String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);

MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(uri)

.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE).content(inputJson)).andReturn();

int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();

assertEquals(201, status);

String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

assertEquals(content, "Product is created successfully");

}

下面给出了PUT API测试用例的代码。 此API用于更新现有产品。

@Test

public void updateProduct() throws Exception {

String uri = "/products/2";

Product product = new Product();

product.setName("Lemon");

String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);

MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(uri)

.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE).content(inputJson)).andReturn();

int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();

assertEquals(200, status);

String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

assertEquals(content, "Product is updated successsfully");

}

Delete API测试用例的代码如下。 此API将删除现有产品。

@Test

public void deleteProduct() throws Exception {

String uri = "/products/2";

MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(uri)).andReturn();

int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();

assertEquals(200, status);

String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

assertEquals(content, "Product is deleted successsfully");

}

完整的控制器测试类文件代码如下 -

package com.yiibai.demo;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.http.MediaType;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;

import com.yiibai.demo.model.Product;

public class ProductServiceControllerTest extends AbstractTest {

@Override

@Before

public void setUp() {

super.setUp();

}

@Test

public void getProductsList() throws Exception {

String uri = "/products";

MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(uri)

.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)).andReturn();

int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();

assertEquals(200, status);

String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

Product[] productlist = super.mapFromJson(content, Product[].class);

assertTrue(productlist.length > 0);

}

@Test

public void createProduct() throws Exception {

String uri = "/products";

Product product = new Product();

product.setId("3");

product.setName("Ginger");

String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);

MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(uri)

.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)

.content(inputJson)).andReturn();

int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();

assertEquals(201, status);

String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

assertEquals(content, "Product is created successfully");

}

@Test

public void updateProduct() throws Exception {

String uri = "/products/2";

Product product = new Product();

product.setName("Lemon");

String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);

MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(uri)

.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)

.content(inputJson)).andReturn();

int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();

assertEquals(200, status);

String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

assertEquals(content, "Product is updated successsfully");

}

@Test

public void deleteProduct() throws Exception {

String uri = "/products/2";

MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(uri)).andReturn();

int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();

assertEquals(200, status);

String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

assertEquals(content, "Product is deleted successsfully");

}

}

创建一个可执行的JAR文件,并使用下面给出的Maven或Gradle命令运行Spring Boot应用程序 -

对于Maven,可以使用下面给出的命令

mvn clean install

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