C语言实现进制转换函数的实例详解

C语言实现进制转换函数的实例详解

前言:

写一个二进制,八进制,十六进制转换为十进制的函数

要求:

  1. 函数有两个参数,参数(1)是要转换为十进制的进制数,参数(2)是标示参数(1)是什么进制(2,8,16标示二进制,八进制,十六进制)。
  2. 要有报错信息,比如参数是1012,但参数(2)是2,显然是进制数表示有错误。

系统表 pg_proc 存储关于函数的信息

内部函数在编译之前需要先定义在 pg_proc.h 中,src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h

CATALOG(pg_proc,1255) BKI_BOOTSTRAP BKI_ROWTYPE_OID(81) BKI_SCHEMA_MACRO

{

NameData proname; /* procedure name */ /* 函数名,sql 中 select 函数名(); */

Oid pronamespace; /* OID of namespace containing this proc */ /* 模式OID */

Oid proowner; /* procedure owner */ /* 用户OID */

Oid prolang; /* OID of pg_language entry */

float4 procost; /* estimated execution cost */ /* 估计执行成本 */

float4 prorows; /* estimated # of rows out (if proretset) */ /* 结果行估计数 */

Oid provariadic; /* element type of variadic array, or 0 */

regproc protransform; /* transforms calls to it during planning */

bool proisagg; /* is it an aggregate? */ /* 是否为聚集函数 */

bool proiswindow; /* is it a window function? */ /* 是否为窗口函数 */

bool prosecdef; /* security definer */ /* 函数是一个安全定义器,也就是一个“setuid"函数 */

bool proleakproof; /* is it a leak-proof function? */ /* 有无其他影响 */

bool proisstrict; /* strict with respect to NULLs? */ /* 遇到 NULL 值是否直接返回 NULL */

bool proretset; /* returns a set? */ /* 函数返回一个集合 */

char provolatile; /* see PROVOLATILE_ categories below */

int16 pronargs; /* number of arguments */ /* 参数个数 */

int16 pronargdefaults; /* number of arguments with defaults */ /* 默认参数的个数 */

Oid prorettype; /* OID of result type */ /* 返回参数类型OID */

/*

* variable-length fields start here, but we allow direct access to

* proargtypes

*/

oidvector proargtypes; /* parameter types (excludes OUT params) */ /* 存放函数参数类型的数组 */

#ifdef CATALOG_VARLEN

Oid proallargtypes[1]; /* all param types (NULL if IN only) */

char proargmodes[1]; /* parameter modes (NULL if IN only) */

text proargnames[1]; /* parameter names (NULL if no names) */

pg_node_tree proargdefaults;/* list of expression trees for argument

* defaults (NULL if none) */

Oid protrftypes[1]; /* types for which to apply transforms */

text prosrc BKI_FORCE_NOT_NULL; /* procedure source text */ /* 函数处理器如何调用函数,实现函数的函数名 */

text probin; /* secondary procedure info (can be NULL) */

text proconfig[1]; /* procedure-local GUC settings */

aclitem proacl[1]; /* access permissions */

#endif

} FormData_pg_proc;

在 proc.h 添加函数定义:

/* myfunc */

DATA(insert OID = 6663 ( x_to_dec PGNSP PGUID 12 1 0 0 0 f f f f t f i 2 0 23 "25 23" _null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ x_to_dec _null_ _null_ _null_ ));

DESCR("x_to_dec.");

OID = 6663 /* OID 唯一,不能与其他定义 OID 重复 */

x_to_dec /* sql 中 select x_to_dec(); */

2 0 23 "25 23" /* 传递两个参数; 默认 0; 返回值类型 OID = 23; 参数1类型 OID = 25, 参数2类型 OID = 23 */

x_to_dec /* 自定义函数名 */

这里的传递参数类型和返回值类型都用的了 OID

系统表 pg_type 存储数据类型的信息

postgres=# select oid,typname from pg_type where typname = 'text' or typname = 'int4';

oid | typname

-----+---------

23 | int4

25 | text

(2 rows)

在 src/backend/utils/adt/myfuncs.c 实现自定义的函数

首先创建函数的整体部分:

Datum /* Datum 类型是PG系统函数大量引用的类型,其定义为:typedef uintptr_c Datum */

x_to_dec (PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) /* 函数名; 参数 */

{

/* 获取参数 */

text *arg1 = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);

int32 arg2 = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);

/** 实现功能 **/

/* 返回 */

PG_RETURN_INT32(sum);

}

这里的 PG_GETARG_XXXX() 和 PG_RETURN_XXXXX() 在 src/include/fmgr.h

知道了如何获取参数以及返回返回值,接下来是具体的实现:

Datum x_to_dec (PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)

{

int n = 0, i = 0, sum = 0, t = 0;

text *arg1 = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);

int32 arg2 = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);

char *str = text_to_cstring(arg1);

n = strlen(str);

switch(arg2)

{

case 2:

for(i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)

{

if((str[i] - '0') != 1 && (str[i] - '0') != 0)

{

ereport(ERROR,

(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),

errmsg("Please enter the correct binary number, such as '110011'.")));

}

sum += (str[i] - '0') * ((int)pow(2, n - 1 - i));

}

break;

case 8:

for(i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)

{

if(!(str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '7'))

{

ereport(ERROR,

(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),

errmsg("Please enter the correct octal number, for example '34567'.")));

}

sum += (str[i] - '0') * ((int)pow(8, n - 1 - i));

}

break;

case 16:

for(i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)

{

if( !(str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9') )

{

if(str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'F')

{

// Uppercase to lowercase

str[i] = str[i] + 32;

} else if ( !(str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'f') ) {

ereport(ERROR,

(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),

errmsg("Please enter the correct hexadecimal number, for example '9f'.")));

}

}

if(str[i] <= '9')

{

t = str[i] - '0';

} else {

t = str[i] - 'a' + 10;

}

sum = sum * 16 + t;

}

break;

default:

ereport(ERROR,

(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),

errmsg("Out of range! The second parameter, please enter: 2, 4, 16.")));

}

PG_RETURN_INT32(sum);

}

其中用到了text_to_cstring(arg1) ,类型转换的相关函数定义在 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c

/*

* text_to_cstring

*

* Create a palloc'd, null-terminated C string from a text value.

*

* We support being passed a compressed or toasted text value.

* This is a bit bogus since such values shouldn't really be referred to as

* "text *", but it seems useful for robustness. If we didn't handle that

* case here, we'd need another routine that did, anyway.

*/

char *

text_to_cstring(const text *t)

{

/* must cast away the const, unfortunately */

text *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed((struct varlena *) t);

int len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);

char *result;

result = (char *) palloc(len + 1);

memcpy(result, VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked), len);

result[len] = '\0';

if (tunpacked != t)

pfree(tunpacked);

return result;

}

结果:

postgres=# select x_to_dec('111',2);

x_to_dec

----------

7

(1 row)

postgres=# select x_to_dec('aA',16);

x_to_dec

----------

170

(1 row)

postgres=# select x_to_dec('aA',1);

ERROR: Out of range! The second parameter, please enter: 2, 4, 16.

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