linux shell 中判断文件、目录是否存在的方法

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

本文主要介绍了linux shell 中判断文件、目录是否存在的方法，分享给大家

-e filename 如果 filename存在，则为真

-d filename 如果 filename为目录，则为真

-f filename 如果 filename为常规文件，则为真

-L filename 如果 filename为符号链接，则为真

-r filename 如果 filename可读，则为真

-w filename 如果 filename可写，则为真

-x filename 如果 filename可执行，则为真

-s filename 如果文件长度不为0，则为真

-h filename 如果文件是软链接，则为真

常用例子

如果存在某文件，则删除


if [ -f trials ]; then rm ${result_path}trials; fi

如果没有文件夹，则创建


if [ ! -d $result_name ];then
   mkdir -p $result_name
fi

shell命令判断文件或文件夹是否存在，先直接看实例：


#!/bin/sh
#判断文件存在，判断是否为文件夹等
testPath="/Volumes/MacBookProHD/Mr.Wen/08 shell命令"
testFile="/Volumes/MacBookProHD/Mr.Wen/08 shell命令/fileWen"
#判断文件夹是否存在 -d
if [[ ! -d "$testPath" ]]; then
 echo "文件夹不存在"
else
 echo "文件夹存在"
fi
#判断文件夹是否存在，并且具有可执行权限
if [[ ! -x "$testFile" ]]; then
 echo "文件不存在并且没有可执行权限"
else
 echo "文件存在并有可执行权限"
fi
#判断文件是否存在
if [[ ! -f "$testFile" ]]; then
 echo "文件不存在"
else
 echo "文件存在"
fi

在shell命令脚本编写当中，会遇到各种对文件的判断，除了以上常用的判断，还有其他的可以使用，如下：

Conditional Logic on Files

-a file exists.

-b file exists and is a block special file.

-c file exists and is a character special file.

-d file exists and is a directory.

-e file exists (just the same as -a).

-f file exists and is a regular file.

-g file exists and has its setgid(2) bit set.

-G file exists and has the same group ID as this process.

-k file exists and has its sticky bit set.

-L file exists and is a symbolic link.

-n string length is not zero.

-o Named option is set on.

-O file exists and is owned by the user ID of this process.

-p file exists and is a first in, first out (FIFO) special file or

named pipe.

-r file exists and is readable by the current process.

-s file exists and has a size greater than zero.

-S file exists and is a socket.

-t file descriptor number fildes is open and associated with a

terminal device.

-u file exists and has its setuid(2) bit set.

-w file exists and is writable by the current process.

-x file exists and is executable by the current process.

-z string length is zero.

shell 判断文件内容是否改变

判断文件内容是否改变：

1）md5值判断

2）diff 判断


#添加日志时间戳
function fn_showlog()
{
  local curtime;
  curtime=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H:%M:%S"`
  echo "$curtime ------ $1";
}
#判断文件内容是否一致
function diff_file(){
  for file in `ls $1`
  do 
    if [ ! -f "$2$file" ];then
      fn_showlog "存在新增文件：$2$file"
      return 0
    else
      diff $file $2$file
      if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        fn_showlog "文件内容发生变化：$file"
        return 0
      fi
    fi
  done
  return 1
}
diff_file "python*Ip" "/home/admin/tools/"
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
  fn_showlog "内容发生改变......"
else 
  fn_showlog "内容未发生改变，退出脚本!"
  exit 0
fi