Java输入/输出流体系详解
在用java的io流读写文件时,总是被它的各种流能得很混乱,有40多个类,理清啦,过一段时间又混乱啦,决定整理一下!以防再忘
Java输入/输出流体系
1.字节流和字符流
字节流:按字节读取。字符流:按字符读取。
字符流读取方便,字节流功能强大,当不能用字符流时,可以用字节流。
字节流基类:InputStream、OutputStream
InputStream方法:
OutputStream方法:
字符流基类:Reader、Writer
Reader方法:
Writer方法:
2.输入输出流体系
3.转换流
InputStreamReader:字节输入流->字符输入流的转换
OutputStreamWriter:字节输出流->字符输出流的转换
例如:字节输入流->字符输入流的转换
字节流使用不方便,而普通的Reader读取也不太方便,转换成BufferReader,利用BufferReader的readLine(),一次读取一行。
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String result = "";
String line = "";
while((line = reader.readLine())!= null){
result = result+ line;
}
System.out.println(result);
InputStream to String:
private static String changeInputeStream(InputStream inputStream,String encode) {
//通常叫做内存流,写在内存中的
ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] data = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
String result = "";
if(inputStream != null){
try {
while((len = inputStream.read(data))!=-1){
outputStream.write(data, 0, len);
}
//result是在服务器端设置的doPost函数中的
result = new String(outputStream.toByteArray(),encode);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
InputStream->StringBuffer:
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
InputStreamReader reader =new InputStreamReader(request.getInputStream(),"utf-8");
char[] requestchar = new char[5];
if(reader != null){
System.out.println("默认编码:"+reader.getEncoding());//默认编码:UTF8
}
//buffer reader.readLine()
while((temp = reader.read(requestchar))!=-1){
buffer.append(requestchar, 0, temp);
System.out.println(buffer.toString());
}
String result = buffer.toString();
4.文件读写:
class Kaoshi
{public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
int score=0; //分数;
StringBuffer answer=new StringBuffer();//存放用户答案,动态字符串;
String result="ACDD"; //正确答案;
try{
FileReader file=new FileReader("Test.txt"); //打开文件;
BufferedReader intw=new BufferedReader(file); //缓冲流,按行读;
String s=null;
while((s=intw.readLine())!=null){ //判断不为空;
if(!s.startsWith("*")){
System.out.println(s);
}
else{
System.out.println("请输入正确答案:");
String str=in.next();
char c= str.charAt(0);//收集答案;
answer.append(c);
}
}
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
for(int i=0;i<result.length();i++){
if(result.charAt(i)==answer.charAt(i)||
result.charAt(i)==answer.charAt(i)-32){
score+=25;
}
}
System.out.println(score);
}
}
总结
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