SpringBoot RestTemplate GET POST请求的实例讲解

一)RestTemplate简介

RestTemplate是HTTP客户端库提供了一个更高水平的API。主要用于Rest服务调用。

RestTemplate方法:

方法组描述

getForObject

通过GET检索表示形式。

getForEntity

ResponseEntity通过使用GET 检索(即状态,标头和正文)。

headForHeaders

通过使用HEAD检索资源的所有标头。

postForLocation

通过使用POST创建新资源,并Location从响应中返回标头。

postForObject

通过使用POST创建新资源,并从响应中返回表示形式。

postForEntity

通过使用POST创建新资源,并从响应中返回表示形式。

put

通过使用PUT创建或更新资源。

patchForObject

通过使用PATCH更新资源,并从响应中返回表示形式。请注意,JDK HttpURLConnection不支持PATCH,但是Apache HttpComponents和其他支持。

delete

使用DELETE删除指定URI处的资源。

optionsForAllow

通过使用ALLOW检索资源的允许的HTTP方法。

exchange

前述方法的通用性强(且意见少的版本),在需要时提供了额外的灵活性。它接受RequestEntity(包括HTTP方法,URL,标头和正文作为输入)并返回ResponseEntity。

这些方法允许使用ParameterizedTypeReference而不是Class使用泛型来指定响应类型。

execute

执行请求的最通用方法,完全控制通过回调接口进行的请求准备和响应提取。

二)RestTemplate案例

第一步:创建一个maven项目,在pom.xml引入一个springboot的版本

pom.xml内容:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.oysept</groupId>

<artifactId>spring_resttemplate</artifactId>

<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<packaging>jar</packaging>

<parent>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>

<relativePath/>

</parent>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<mainClass>com.oysept.RestTemplateApplication</mainClass>

</configuration>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>

<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>

</project>

application.yml配置:该配置就一个默认端口

server:

port: 8080

创建一个springboot启动类RestTemplateApplication

package com.oysept;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;

@SpringBootApplication

public class RestTemplateApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

new SpringApplicationBuilder(RestTemplateApplication.class).run(args);

}

}

到此步骤时,可以先运行RestTemplateApplication中的main方法,检验springboot启动是否正常。

第二步:创建一个RestTemplate配置类并注入,因为在使用时,不提前注入ResttTemplate,在通过@Autowired使用会报RestTemplate找不到

package com.oysept.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**

* 注册一个RestTemplate Bean, 否则直接通过@Autowired使用会报RestTemplate找不到

* @author ouyangjun

*/

@Configuration

public class RestTemplateConfig {

/**

* 方式一: 默认是使用JDK原生java.net.HttpURLConnection请求

* @return

*/

@Bean(name = "restTemplate")

public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

return new RestTemplate();

}

/**

* 方式二: 使用apache http内置请求, 需要在pom.xml中引入相应的apache jar

* 可以使用HttpClient,设置一些http连接池等信息

* @return

*

@Bean(name = "restTemplate")

public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

return new RestTemplate(new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory());

}

*/

/**

* 方式三: 使用OkHttp内置请求, 需要在pom.xml中引入相应的OkHttp3 jar

* 可以使用OkHttpClient,设置一些http连接池信息

* @return

*

@Bean(name = "restTemplate")

public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

return new RestTemplate(new OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory());

}

*/

}

第三步:创建一个VO类,用于测试入参和出参

package com.oysept.vo;

public class MsgVO {

private String msgKey;

private String msgValue;

public String getMsgKey() {return msgKey;}

public void setMsgKey(String msgKey) {this.msgKey = msgKey;}

public String getMsgValue() {return msgValue;}

public void setMsgValue(String msgValue) {this.msgValue = msgValue;}

public String toString() {

return "MsgVO [msgKey: "+this.msgKey+", msgValue: "+this.msgValue+"]";

}

}

第四步:创建一个服务端接口,用于测试

package com.oysept.controller;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.http.MediaType;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.oysept.vo.MsgVO;

/**

* 服务端, 提供接口被调用

* @author ouyangjun

*/

@RestController

public class ServerController {

// 无参GET请求: http://localhost:8080/server/get

@RequestMapping(value = "/server/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String get() {

return "/server/get";

}

// 带参GET请求: http://localhost:8080/server/get/param?param=111222333444

@RequestMapping(value = "/server/get/param", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String getParam(@RequestParam(value = "param") String param) {

return "/server/get/param," + param;

}

// 路径中带参GET请求: http://localhost:8080/server/get/url/AAAA/BBBB

@RequestMapping(value = "/server/get/url/{one}/{two}", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String getUrl(@PathVariable("one") String one, @PathVariable("two") String two) {

return "/get/url/{one}/{two}," + one + "," + two;

}

// 无参GET请求, 返回List: http://localhost:8080/server/get/list

@RequestMapping(value = "/server/get/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public List<Object> getList() {

List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();

list.add(11);

list.add("AA");

return list;

}

// 无参GET请求, 返回对象: http://localhost:8080/server/get/MsgVO

@RequestMapping(value = "/server/get/MsgVO", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public MsgVO getMsgVO() {

MsgVO vo = new MsgVO();

vo.setMsgKey("keyAAA");

vo.setMsgValue("valueBBB");

return vo;

}

// POST请求, 表单参数, application/x-www-form-urlencoded

@RequestMapping(value = "/server/post/form", method = RequestMethod.POST,

consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)

public MsgVO postForm(MsgVO msgVO) {

System.out.println("msgKey: " + msgVO.getMsgKey() + ", msgValue: " + msgVO.getMsgValue());

return msgVO;

}

// POST请求, JSON参数, application/json

@RequestMapping(value = "/server/post/json", method = RequestMethod.POST,

consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE,

produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)

public MsgVO postJson(@RequestBody MsgVO msgVO) {

System.out.println("msgKey: " + msgVO.getMsgKey() + ", msgValue: " + msgVO.getMsgValue());

return msgVO;

}

}

第五步:创建一个测试服务端接口的API

import的类和注入的RestTemplate:

package com.oysept.controller;

import java.net.URI;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;

import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;

import org.springframework.http.MediaType;

import org.springframework.http.RequestEntity;

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;

import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;

import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;

import com.oysept.vo.MsgVO;

/**

* 客户端, 调用服务端提供的接口

* @author ouyangjun

*/

@RestController

public class ClientController {

// 使用默认请求方式

@Autowired

@Qualifier(value = "restTemplate")

private RestTemplate restTemplate;

// 在此处添加客户端测试代码

}

1、GET请求

// 直接在浏览中输入访问地址: http://localhost:8080/client/get

@RequestMapping(value = "/client/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String get() {

// 无参GET请求

String get = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/server/get", String.class);

System.out.println("==>/server/get return: " + get);

// 带参GET请求

String getParam = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/server/get/param?param=111222333444", String.class);

System.out.println("==>/server/get/param return: " + getParam);

// 带参GET url请求

String getUrlParam = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/server/get/url/{one}/{two}", String.class, "AAAA", "BBBB");

System.out.println("==>/server/get/url/{one}/{two} return: " + getUrlParam);

// 带参GET url请求

Map<String, String> vars = new HashMap<String, String>();

vars.put("one", "HHHH");

vars.put("two", "EEEE");

String getUrlVars = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/server/get/url/{one}/{two}", String.class, vars);

System.out.println("==>/server/get/url/{one}/{two} return: " + getUrlVars);

// 无参GET请求, 返回List

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

List<String> getList = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/server/get/list", List.class);

System.out.println("==>/server/get/list return: " + getList);

// GET请求, 返回对象

ResponseEntity<MsgVO> entity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8080/server/get/MsgVO", MsgVO.class);

System.out.println("==>/server/get/list return: " + entity.getBody());

return "GET SUCCESS";

}

2、GET url中传参请求

// 直接在浏览中输入访问地址: http://localhost:8080/client/get/request

// GET请求, url参数, 在表头中添加参数

@RequestMapping(value = "/client/get/request", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String getRequest() {

// url中参数

Map<String, String> vars = new HashMap<String, String>();

vars.put("one", "HHHH");

vars.put("two", "EEEE");

// 请求地址

String uriTemplate = "http://localhost:8080/server/get/url/{one}/{two}";

// 给URL地址encode转码

URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString(uriTemplate).buildAndExpand(vars).toUri();

// GET请求参数

RequestEntity<Void> requestEntity =

RequestEntity.get(uri)

.header("MyHeader", "aaabbbcccddd")

.build();

// 响应

ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, String.class);

// 结果

System.out.println("==>/get/request header: " + response.getHeaders().getFirst("MyHeader"));

System.out.println("==>/get/request body: " + response.getBody());

return "POST SUCCESS";

}

3、POST application/x-www-form-urlencoded表单传参请求

// 直接在浏览中输入访问地址: http://localhost:8080/client/postForm

// POST请求, form表单入参

@RequestMapping(value = "/client/postForm", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String postForm() {

// uri

String uriTemplate = "http://localhost:8080/server/post/form";

// 设置请求头为form形式: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);

// 设置参数, 和MsgVO中变量名对应

MultiValueMap<String, String> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, String>();

map.add("msgKey", "1234");

map.add("msgValue", "TestTest");

// 封装请求参数

HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> requestb = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>>(map,

headers);

ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(uriTemplate, requestb, String.class);

System.out.println("==>/server/post/form return: " + response.getBody());

return "POST SUCCESS";

}

4、POST application/json JSON传参请求

// 直接在浏览中输入访问地址: http://localhost:8080/client/postJson

// POST请求, JSON入参

@RequestMapping(value = "/client/postJson", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String postJson() {

// json入参

MsgVO vo = new MsgVO();

vo.setMsgKey("TTT");

vo.setMsgValue("KKK");

String uriTemplate = "http://localhost:8080/server/post/json";

URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString(uriTemplate).buildAndExpand().toUri();

RequestEntity<MsgVO> requestEntity =

RequestEntity.post(uri)

.header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8")

.body(vo);

ResponseEntity<MsgVO> response = restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, MsgVO.class);

System.out.println("==>/server/post/json return: " + response.getBody());

return "POST SUCCESS";

}

项目结构图:

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