通过python读取txt文件和绘制柱形图的实现代码

目的

临床数据的记录时间和对应标签(逗号后面的数字)记录在txt文件里,要把标签转换为3类标签,并且计算出每个标签的分别持续时间,然后绘制成柱形图方便查阅。

小难点分析:

(1)txt的切割读取对应内容  

 (2)时间差计算

txt文件如图:

使用效果

首先将原始txt转换为  左列新标签 右列持续时间

绘制为柱形图

为了直观,每次只最多显示 2个小时,同时横坐标还是按照临床的记录时间顺序。

代码实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from datetime import datetime

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties

font_set = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\simsun.ttc", size=12)

address = "D:/XXXXXX/"

patient = "XXXXX"

year = '2020' # or 2020

txt_address = address + patient + "/timetable.txt"

filename = address + patient + "/newTimeTable.txt" # 保存的txt地址

# 读取txt的相应内容

def showLabel():

content = []

label = []

rawtime = []

with open(txt_address, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:

lines = f.readlines() # 返回的是列表

print("文件的行数:%d" % len(lines))

for line in lines:

content_value = line.split(sep=',') # 分为[0]和[1]

time_value = content_value[0].split(sep=year)

content_value = content_value[1].split(sep='\n')

temp_time = year + time_value[-1]

rawtime.append(temp_time)

content.append(content_value[0])

# 去掉第一行的line和转换label

for i in range(1, len(lines)): # range是左闭右开

number = int(content[i])

if number == 4:

label_value = 1 # label 1 表示癫痫发作

elif number == 1:

label_value = 0 # label 0 表示数据缺失

else:

label_value = -1 # label -1 表示非癫痫发作

label.append(label_value)

del rawtime[0] # 去掉第一行的line

length = len(lines)

return label, rawtime, length

# 计算时间差

def getTimeSpan(new_label,time,length):

time_span = []

time_label = []

temp = datetime.strptime(time[0], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

for i in range(0, length - 2):

if new_label[i] != new_label[i + 1]:

end_time = datetime.strptime(time[i + 1], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

diff = end_time - temp

temp = end_time

# time_span.append(diff) 标准化时间

time_span.append(round(diff.total_seconds() / 60, 2)) # 保留两位小数

time_label.append(new_label[i])

return time_span, time_label

# 画图,按照标签内容给图上色

def showTimeandLabel(time_span,time_label):

Yanse = []

for i in time_label:

if i == 0:

yanse = 'blue'

elif i == -1:

yanse = 'gray'

else:

yanse = 'red'

Yanse.append(yanse)

plt.bar(range(len(time_span)), time_span, width=0.8, tick_label=time_label, color=Yanse)

plt.xlabel('标签', fontproperties=font_set)

plt.ylabel("持续时间(分钟)", fontproperties=font_set)

plt.title("patient: " + patient, size=20)

plt.ylim(0, 120)

plt.show()

# 保存到txt

def txtSave(time_span, time_label):

# w:向文件中写入内容时,会先清空原文件中的内容,

with open(filename, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:

line_number = len(time_label)

for i in range(line_number):

f.write(str(time_label[i])+" "+str(time_span[i]))

f.write("\n")

def main():

new_label, time, length = showLabel()

time_span, time_label = getTimeSpan(new_label, time, length)

txtSave(time_span, time_label)

showTimeandLabel(time_span, time_label)

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

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