python入门教程之识别验证码

前言

验证码?我也能破解?

关于验证码的介绍就不多说了,各种各样的验证码在人们生活中时不时就会冒出来,身为学生日常接触最多的就是教务处系统的验证码了,比如如下的验证码:

识别办法

模拟登陆有着复杂的步骤,在这里咱们不管其他操作,只负责根据输入的一张验证码图片返回一个答案字符串。

我们知道验证码为了制作干扰,会把图片弄成五颜六色的样子,而我们首先就是要去除这些干扰,这一步就需要不断试验了,增强图片色彩,加大对比度等等都可以产生帮助。

在经过各种对图片的操作之后,终于找到了比较完美的去除干扰方案。可以看到在去除干扰之后,最优情况下,我们将得到一张十分纯净的黑白字符图片。一张图片上有四个字符,没办法一下子就把四个字符全部识别,需要把图片进行裁剪,裁剪成每张小图只有一个字符的样子,再对每张图片分别进行识别。

接下来就是识别文字了,我们首先把得到的小图转换成01表示的矩阵,每个矩阵代表一个字符。

比如数字六的矩阵

num_6=[

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

]

远远望过去,眯着眼睛还是能分辨出来的。

因为验证码十分规整,每个数字所在的位置都是固定的,所以并不需要涉及什么机器学习的算法,只是简单的进行一下矩阵的比对就可以了,在所有的实现做好的矩阵中找到相似度最高的矩阵就可以了,在这里的比对方法多种多样,反正数据简单能正确识别出来就好。

至此,咱们的验证码识别工作就结束了。

这次进行的验证码识别主要采用python的PIL进行图片操作,模拟登陆自动填写验证码的全部代码请看这里:

示例代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*

import sys

reload(sys)

sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )

import re

import requests

import io

import os

import json

from PIL import Image

from PIL import ImageEnhance

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import mdata

class Student:

def __init__(self, user,password):

self.user = str(user)

self.password = str(password)

self.s = requests.Session()

def login(self):

url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"

res = self.s.get(url).text

imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/'+re.findall('<img src="(.+?)" width="55"',res)[0]

im = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))

enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(im)

im = enhancer.enhance(7)

x,y = im.size

for i in range(y):

for j in range(x):

if (im.getpixel((j,i))!=(0,0,0)):

im.putpixel((j,i),(255,255,255))

num = [6,19,32,45]

verifyCode = ""

for i in range(4):

a = im.crop((num[i],0,num[i]+13,20))

l=[]

x,y = a.size

for i in range(y):

for j in range(x):

if (a.getpixel((j,i))==(0,0,0)):

l.append(1)

else:

l.append(0)

his=0

chrr="";

for i in mdata.data:

r=0;

for j in range(260):

if(l[j]==mdata.data[i][j]):

r+=1

if(r>his):

his=r

chrr=i

verifyCode+=chrr

# print "辅助输入验证码完毕:",verifyCode

data= {

'WebUserNO':str(self.user),

'Password':str(self.password),

'Agnomen':verifyCode,

}

url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"

t = self.s.post(url,data=data).text

if re.findall("images/Logout2",t)==[]:

l = '[0,"'+re.findall('alert((.+?));',t)[1][1][2:-2]+'"]'+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"\n"

# print l

# return '[0,"'+re.findall('alert((.+?));',t)[1][1][2:-2]+'"]'

return [False,l]

else:

l = '登录成功 '+re.findall('!&nbsp;(.+?)&nbsp;',t)[0]+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"\n"

# print l

return [True,l]

def getInfo(self):

imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS'

data = self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYBASESTUDENTINFO.APPPROCESS?mode=3').text #学籍信息

data = BeautifulSoup(data,"lxml")

q = data.find_all("table",attrs={'align':"left"})

a = []

for i in q[0]:

if type(i)==type(q[0]) :

for j in i :

if type(j) ==type(i):

a.append(j.text)

for i in q[1]:

if type(i)==type(q[1]) :

for j in i :

if type(j) ==type(i):

a.append(j.text)

data = {}

for i in range(1,len(a),2):

data[a[i-1]]=a[i]

# data['照片'] = io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content)

return json.dumps(data)

def getPic(self):

imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS'

pic = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))

return pic

def getScore(self):

score = self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYSTUDENTSCORE.APPPROCESS').text #成绩单

score = BeautifulSoup(score, "lxml")

q = score.find_all(attrs={'height':"36"})[0]

point = q.text

print point[point.find('平均学分绩点'):]

table = score.html.body.table

people = table.find_all(attrs={'height' : '36'})[0].string

r = table.find_all('table',attrs={'align' : 'left'})[0].find_all('tr')

subject = []

lesson = []

for i in r[0]:

if type(r[0])==type(i):

subject.append(i.string)

for i in r:

k=0

temp = {}

for j in i:

if type(r[0])==type(j):

temp[subject[k]] = j.string

k+=1

lesson.append(temp)

lesson.pop()

lesson.pop(0)

return json.dumps(lesson)

def logoff(self):

return self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGOUT.APPPROCESS').text

if __name__ == "__main__":

a = Student(20150000,20150000)

r = a.login()

print r[1]

if r[0]:

r = json.loads(a.getScore())

for i in r:

for j in i:

print i[j],

print

q = json.loads(a.getInfo())

for i in q:

print i,q[i]

a.getPic().show()

a.logoff()

总结

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