SpringSecurity登录使用JSON格式数据的方法

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

在使用SpringSecurity中，大伙都知道默认的登录数据是通过key/value的形式来传递的，默认情况下不支持JSON格式的登录数据，如果有这种需求，就需要自己来解决，本文主要和小伙伴来聊聊这个话题。

基本登录方案

在说如何使用JSON登录之前，我们还是先来看看基本的登录吧，本文为了简单，SpringSecurity在使用中就不连接数据库了，直接在内存中配置用户名和密码，具体操作步骤如下：

创建Spring Boot工程

首先创建SpringBoot工程，添加SpringSecurity依赖，如下：


<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

添加Security配置

创建SecurityConfig，完成SpringSecurity的配置，如下：


@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
  @Bean
  PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
    return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
  }
  @Override
  protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
    auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("zhangsan").password("$2a$10$2O4EwLrrFPEboTfDOtC0F.RpUMk.3q3KvBHRx7XXKUMLBGjOOBs8q").roles("user");
  }
  @Override
  public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
  }
  @Override
  protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
    http.authorizeRequests()
        .anyRequest().authenticated()
        .and()
        .formLogin()
        .loginProcessingUrl("/doLogin")
        .successHandler(new AuthenticationSuccessHandler() {
          @Override
          public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
            RespBean ok = RespBean.ok("登录成功！",authentication.getPrincipal());
            resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ok));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
          }
        })
        .failureHandler(new AuthenticationFailureHandler() {
          @Override
          public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
            RespBean error = RespBean.error("登录失败");
            resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(error));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
          }
        })
        .loginPage("/login")
        .permitAll()
        .and()
        .logout()
        .logoutUrl("/logout")
        .logoutSuccessHandler(new LogoutSuccessHandler() {
          @Override
          public void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
            RespBean ok = RespBean.ok("注销成功！");
            resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ok));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
          }
        })
        .permitAll()
        .and()
        .csrf()
        .disable()
        .exceptionHandling()
        .accessDeniedHandler(new AccessDeniedHandler() {
          @Override
          public void handle(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
            RespBean error = RespBean.error("权限不足，访问失败");
            resp.setStatus(403);
            resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(error));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
          }
        });
  }
}

这里的配置虽然有点长，但是很基础，配置含义也比较清晰，首先提供BCryptPasswordEncoder作为PasswordEncoder，可以实现对密码的自动加密加盐，非常方便，然后提供了一个名为zhangsan的用户，密码是123，角色是user，最后配置登录逻辑，所有的请求都需要登录后才能访问，登录接口是/doLogin，用户名的key是username，密码的key是password，同时配置登录成功、登录失败以及注销成功、权限不足时都给用户返回JSON提示，另外，这里虽然配置了登录页面为/login，实际上这不是一个页面，而是一段JSON，在LoginController中提供该接口，如下：


@RestController
@ResponseBody
public class LoginController {
  @GetMapping("/login")
  public RespBean login() {
    return RespBean.error("尚未登录，请登录");
  }
  @GetMapping("/hello")
  public String hello() {
    return "hello";
  }
}

这里/login只是一个JSON提示，而不是页面， /hello则是一个测试接口。

OK，做完上述步骤就可以开始测试了，运行SpringBoot项目，访问/hello接口，结果如下：

此时先调用登录接口进行登录，如下：

登录成功后，再去访问/hello接口就可以成功访问了。

使用JSON登录

上面演示的是一种原始的登录方案，如果想将用户名密码通过JSON的方式进行传递，则需要自定义相关过滤器，通过分析源码我们发现，默认的用户名密码提取在UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter过滤器中，部分源码如下：


public class UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter extends
    AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter {
  public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_USERNAME_KEY = "username";
  public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_PASSWORD_KEY = "password";
  private String usernameParameter = SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_USERNAME_KEY;
  private String passwordParameter = SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_PASSWORD_KEY;
  private boolean postOnly = true;
  public UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter() {
    super(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/login", "POST"));
  }
  public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
    if (postOnly && !request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
      throw new AuthenticationServiceException(
          "Authentication method not supported: " + request.getMethod());
    }
    String username = obtainUsername(request);
    String password = obtainPassword(request);
    if (username == null) {
      username = "";
    }
    if (password == null) {
      password = "";
    }
    username = username.trim();
    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
        username, password);
    // Allow subclasses to set the "details" property
    setDetails(request, authRequest);
    return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
  }
  protected String obtainPassword(HttpServletRequest request) {
    return request.getParameter(passwordParameter);
  }
  protected String obtainUsername(HttpServletRequest request) {
    return request.getParameter(usernameParameter);
  }
  //...
  //...
}

从这里可以看到，默认的用户名/密码提取就是通过request中的getParameter来提取的，如果想使用JSON传递用户名密码，只需要将这个过滤器替换掉即可，自定义过滤器如下：


public class CustomAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
  @Override
  public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
    if (request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
        || request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)) {
      ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
      UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
      try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()) {
        Map<String,String> authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is, Map.class);
        authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
            authenticationBean.get("username"), authenticationBean.get("password"));
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
            "", "");
      } finally {
        setDetails(request, authRequest);
        return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
      }
    }
    else {
      return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
    }
  }
}

这里只是将用户名/密码的获取方案重新修正下，改为了从JSON中获取用户名密码，然后在SecurityConfig中作出如下修改：


@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
  http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated()
      .and()
      .formLogin()
      .and().csrf().disable();
  http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
@Bean
CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
  CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
  filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new AuthenticationSuccessHandler() {
    @Override
    public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
      resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
      PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
      RespBean respBean = RespBean.ok("登录成功!");
      out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(respBean));
      out.flush();
      out.close();
    }
  });
  filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new AuthenticationFailureHandler() {
    @Override
    public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
      resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
      PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
      RespBean respBean = RespBean.error("登录失败!");
      out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(respBean));
      out.flush();
      out.close();
    }
  });
  filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
  return filter;
}