iOS实用教程之Https双向认证详解
前言
年前的时候,关于苹果要强制https的传言四起,虽然结果只是一个“谣言”,但是很明显的这是迟早会到来的,间接上加速了各公司加紧上https的节奏,对于iOS客户端来说,上https需不需要改变一些东西取决于---------对,就是公司有没有钱。土豪公司直接买买买,iOS开发者只需要把http改成https完事。然而很不幸,我们在没钱的公司,选择了自签证书。虽然网上很多关于https的适配,然而很多都是已过时的,这里我们主要是讲一下https双向认证。
【证书选择】自签
【网络请求】原生NSURLSession或者AFNetworking3.0以上版本
【认证方式】双向认证
Https双向认证过程
先来了解一下双向认证的大体过程:(图片来自网络,如果是某位博主原创的请私信我)
下面我们一步步来实现
1、设置服务端证书
NSString *certFilePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"server" ofType:@"cer"];
NSData *certData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:certFilePath];
NSSet *certSet = [NSSet setWithObject:certData];
AFSecurityPolicy *policy = [AFSecurityPolicy policyWithPinningMode:AFSSLPinningModeCertificate withPinnedCertificates:certSet];
policy.allowInvalidCertificates = YES;
policy.validatesDomainName = NO;
self.afnetworkingManager.securityPolicy = policy;
2、处理挑战
原生的NSURLSession是在
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session didReceiveChallenge:(nonnull NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge completionHandler:(nonnull void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential * _Nullable))completionHandler
代理方法里面处理挑战的,再看看AFNetworking在该代理方法里处理的代码
if (self.taskDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge) {
disposition = self.taskDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge(session, task, challenge, &credential);
} else {
...
}
我们只需要给它传递一个处理的block
[self.afnetworkingManager setSessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallengeBlock:^NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition(NSURLSession*session, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *challenge, NSURLCredential *__autoreleasing*_credential) {
...
}
根据传来的challenge生成disposition(应对挑战的方式)和credential(客户端生成的挑战证书)
3、服务端认证
当challenge的认证方法为NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust时,需要客户端认证服务端证书
//评估服务端安全性
if([weakSelf.afnetworkingManager.securityPolicy evaluateServerTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust forDomain:challenge.protectionSpace.host]) {
//创建凭据
credential = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];
if(credential) {
disposition =NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
} else {
disposition =NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
}
} else {
disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge;
}
4、客户端认证
认证完服务端后,需要认证客户端
由于是双向认证,这一步是必不可省的
SecIdentityRef identity = NULL;
SecTrustRef trust = NULL;
NSString *p12 = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"client"ofType:@"p12"];
NSFileManager *fileManager =[NSFileManager defaultManager];
if(![fileManager fileExistsAtPath:p12])
{
NSLog(@"client.p12:not exist");
}
else
{
NSData *PKCS12Data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:p12];
if ([[weakSelf class]extractIdentity:&identity andTrust:&trust fromPKCS12Data:PKCS12Data])
{
SecCertificateRef certificate = NULL;
SecIdentityCopyCertificate(identity, &certificate);
const void*certs[] = {certificate};
CFArrayRef certArray =CFArrayCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, certs,1,NULL);
credential =[NSURLCredential credentialWithIdentity:identity certificates:(__bridge NSArray*)certArray persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent];
disposition =NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
}
}
+ (BOOL)extractIdentity:(SecIdentityRef*)outIdentity andTrust:(SecTrustRef *)outTrust fromPKCS12Data:(NSData *)inPKCS12Data {
OSStatus securityError = errSecSuccess;
//client certificate password
NSDictionary*optionsDictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"your p12 file pwd"
forKey:(__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase];
CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
securityError = SecPKCS12Import((__bridge CFDataRef)inPKCS12Data,(__bridge CFDictionaryRef)optionsDictionary,&items);
if(securityError == 0) {
CFDictionaryRef myIdentityAndTrust =CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items,0);
const void*tempIdentity =NULL;
tempIdentity= CFDictionaryGetValue (myIdentityAndTrust,kSecImportItemIdentity);
*outIdentity = (SecIdentityRef)tempIdentity;
const void*tempTrust =NULL;
tempTrust = CFDictionaryGetValue(myIdentityAndTrust,kSecImportItemTrust);
*outTrust = (SecTrustRef)tempTrust;
} else {
NSLog(@"Failedwith error code %d",(int)securityError);
return NO;
}
return YES;
}
原生NSURLSession双向认证
在原生的代理方法里面认证就行,代码基本和AFNetworking的一致,注意最后需要调用
completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential, credential);
来执行回调操作
关于UIWebView的Https双向认证
网上的资料大体上有几种解决方法
1:跳过Https认证(这还能跳过?没试过,不太靠谱)
2:中断原有的请求步骤,将request拿出来,下载完整的HTML代码,让webView加载该代码(在单页面展示的情况下基本满足使用,但是在部分标签不是独立跳转https路径的时候,将出现无法加载的情况,不是很好用)
- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType {
NSString * urlString = [request.URL absoluteString];
if ([urlString containsString:URL_API_BASE]) {
[[SUHTTPOperationManager manager]REQUEST:request progress:nil handler:^(BOOL isSucc, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
NSString * htmlString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
BASE_INFO_FUN(@"下载HTML完毕");
[self loadHTMLString:htmlString baseURL:nil];
}];
return NO;
}
return YES;
}
3、中断原有的请求步骤,将request拿出来,完成鉴权认证之后,再让webView重新请求该request(这种方式理论上好像可以,我试过,没有成功,可能我打开的方式不正确)
4、或许,您有更好的解决方案 - -
关于代码
网上很多https双向认证的代码,基本是一样的,这里我们直接拿来用就可以,前提是我们不能单纯copy,而是在理解其实现的基础上,整合到工程中,遇到问题解决思路清晰,而不是一脸懵逼。
总结
以上是 iOS实用教程之Https双向认证详解 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/319722.html