浅谈spring ioc的注入方式及注入不同的数据类型

关于Spring-IoC的简单使用参考:

spring ioc的简单实例及bean的作用域属性解析

1、通过set方法注入不同数据类型

测试类代码(set方式注入的属性一定要加set方法)

/**通过set方法注入示例*/

public class IoC_By_Set {

/**注入Integer类型参数*/

private Integer id;

/**注入String类型参数*/

private String name;

/**注入实体Bean*/

private User user;

/**注入数组*/

private Object[] array;

/**注入List集合*/

private List<Object> list;

/**注入Set集合*/

private Set<Object> set;

/**注入Map键值对*/

private Map<Object, Object> map;

/**注入properties类型*/

private Properties properties;

/**注入空字符串*/

private String emptyValue;

/**注入null值*/

private String nullValue = "";

/**检测注入的属性是否全部正确*/

public Boolean checkAttr() {

if(id == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("id:" + id);

}

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(name == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("name:" + name);

}

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(user == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("Bean:" + user.getId() + "|" +

user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());

}

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(array == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("array:");

for (Object object : array) {

System.out.println(object.toString());

}

}

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(list == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("list:");

for (Object object : list) {

System.out.println(object.toString());

}

}

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(set == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("set:");

for (Object object : set) {

System.out.println(object.toString());

}

}

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(map == null) {

return false;

} else {

Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = map.entrySet();

System.out.println("map:");

for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) {

System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "|" + entry.getValue());

}

}

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(properties == null) {

return false;

} else {

Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = properties.entrySet();

System.out.println("properties:");

for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) {

System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "|" + entry.getValue());

}

}

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(!"".equals(emptyValue))

return false;

System.out.println("--------------------------");

if(!(null == nullValue))

return false;

System.out.println("--------------------------");

System.out.println("全部正确!!!");

return true;

}

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void setUser(User user) {

this.user = user;

}

public void setArray(Object[] array) {

this.array = array;

}

public void setList(List<Object> list) {

this.list = list;

}

public void setSet(Set<Object> set) {

this.set = set;

}

public void setMap(Map<Object, Object> map) {

this.map = map;

}

public void setProperties(Properties properties) {

this.properties = properties;

}

public void setEmptyValue(String emptyValue) {

this.emptyValue = emptyValue;

}

public void setNullValue(String nullValue) {

this.nullValue = nullValue;

}

}

applicationContext.xml配置

<!-- set方式注入 -->

<bean id="ioC_By_Set" class="com.bc.ioc.demo01.IoC_By_Set">

<!-- 注入id属性 -->

<property name="id" value="1"/>

<!-- 使用<![CDATA[]]>标记处理XML特 殊字符 -->

<property name="name">

<!-- 也可以使用P&amp;G -->

<value><![CDATA[P&G]]></value>

</property>

<!-- 定义内部Bean注入 -->

<property name="user">

<bean class="com.bc.pojo.User">

<property name="id" value="1"/>

<property name="userName" value="内部Bean"/>

<property name="passWord" value="233"/>

</bean>

</property>

<!-- 注入数组类型 -->

<property name="array">

<array>

<!-- 定义数组元素 -->

<value>array01</value>

<value>array02</value>

<value>array03</value>

</array>

</property>

<!-- 注入List类型 -->

<property name="list">

<list>

<!-- 定义list中元素 -->

<value>list01</value>

<value>list02</value>

<value>list03</value>

</list>

</property>

<!-- 注入Set类型 -->

<property name="set">

<set>

<!-- 定义set中元素 -->

<value>set01</value>

<value>set02</value>

<value>set03</value>

</set>

</property>

<!-- 注入Map类型 -->

<property name="map">

<map>

<!-- 定义map中的键值对 -->

<entry>

<key>

<value>mapKey01</value>

</key>

<value>mapValue01</value>

</entry>

<entry>

<key>

<value>mapKey02</value>

</key>

<value>mapValue02</value>

</entry>

</map>

</property>

<!-- 注入properties类型 -->

<property name="properties">

<props>

<!-- 定义properties中的键值对 -->

<prop key="propKey1">propValue1</prop>

<prop key="propKey2">propValue2</prop>

</props>

</property>

<!-- 注入空字符串 -->

<property name="emptyValue">

<value></value>

</property>

<!-- 注入null值 -->

<property name="nullValue">

<null/>

</property>

</bean>

测试代码

public class IoC_Test {

private ApplicationContext ctx;

@Before

public void load() {

//读取applicationContext.xml配置文件

ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

}

@Test

public void SetTest() {

IoC_By_Set ioc = (IoC_By_Set) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Set");

ioc.checkAttr();

}

}

控制台结果:

id:1

--------------------------

name:P&G

--------------------------

Bean:1|内部Bean|233

--------------------------

array:

array01

array02

array03

--------------------------

list:

list01

list02

list03

--------------------------

set:

set01

set02

set03

--------------------------

map:

mapKey01|mapValue01

mapKey02|mapValue02

--------------------------

properties:

propKey2|propValue2

propKey1|propValue1

--------------------------

--------------------------

--------------------------

全部正确!!!

2、通过构造方法注入各种类型属性

注意:使用JDK1.8版本请将spring相关jar包升级到4.x版本以上,否则不兼容构造方法注入

测试类代码

/** 通过构造方法注入示例 */

public class IoC_By_Constructor {

private Integer id;

private String name;

private User user;

private List<Object> list;

public IoC_By_Constructor() {

}

public IoC_By_Constructor(Integer id, String name, User user,

List<Object> list) {

this.id = id;

this.name = name;

this.user = user;

this.list = list;

}

/**检查是否注入成功*/

public Boolean checkAttr() {

if(id == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("id:" + id);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if(name == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("name:" + name);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if(user == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" +

user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if(list == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("list:");

for (Object object : list) {

System.out.println(object.toString());

}

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

System.out.println("全部正确!!!");

return true;

}

}

applicationContext.xml配置

<!-- 构造方法注入 演示几种类型-->

<bean id="ioC_By_Constructor" class="com.bc.ioc.demo02.IoC_By_Constructor">

<!-- 注入Integer属性,可以选择使用index指定参数位置,也可以选择使用type指定参数类型 -->

<constructor-arg index="0" value="1" type="java.lang.Integer"/>

<!-- 注入字符串 -->

<constructor-arg value="P&amp;G"/>

<!-- 注入对象 -->

<constructor-arg>

<!-- 内建对象 -->

<bean class="com.bc.pojo.User">

<constructor-arg value="1"/>

<constructor-arg value="构造内部Bean"/>

<constructor-arg value="666"/>

</bean>

</constructor-arg>

<!-- 注入集合 -->

<constructor-arg>

<list>

<value>list01</value>

<value>list02</value>

<value>list03</value>

</list>

</constructor-arg>

</bean>

测试代码:

public class IoC_Test {

private ApplicationContext ctx;

@Before

public void load() {

//读取applicationContext.xml配置文件

ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

}

@Test

public void constructorTest() {

IoC_By_Constructor ioc = (IoC_By_Constructor) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Constructor");

ioc.checkAttr();

}

}

控制台结果:

id:1

----------------------------

name:P&G

----------------------------

user:1|构造内部Bean|666

----------------------------

list:

list01

list02

list03

----------------------------

全部正确!!!

3、自动注入(自动装配)

自动装配虽然能节省一些代码但是不推荐使用

测试类代码:

/**自动装配注入*/

public class IoC_By_Auto {

private User user;

/**检查是否注入成功*/

public Boolean checkAttr() {

if(user == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" +

user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());

}

System.out.println("正确!!!");

return true;

}

/**自动装配的属性需要设置set方法*/

public void setUser(User user) {

this.user = user;

}

}

applicationContext.xml配置

<!-- 被自动装配获取的bean -->

<bean id="user" class="com.bc.pojo.User">

<property name="id" value="1"/>

<property name="userName" value="自动装配"/>

<property name="passWord" value="233"/>

</bean>

<!-- 自动装配的bean

autowire:byName 根据类的属性名查找与之命名相同的id的bean进行装配

byType 根据类的属性类型查找唯一一个匹配类型的bean,如果有多个bean匹配则抛出异常

constructor 根据类的构造方法参数类型匹配对应的bean

no 默认,表示不使用自动装配

default:由上级标签<beans>的default-autowire属性确定 -->

<bean id="ioC_By_Auto" class="com.bc.ioc.demo03.IoC_By_Auto" autowire="byName"></bean>

测试代码

public class IoC_Test {

private ApplicationContext ctx;

@Before

public void load() {

//读取applicationContext.xml配置文件

ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

}

@Test

public void AutoTest() {

IoC_By_Auto ioc = (IoC_By_Auto) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Auto");

ioc.checkAttr();

}

}

控制台结果

user:1|自动装配|233

正确!!!

以上使用的是byName模式,其他模式配置代码已经注明,不做测试。

4、使用P命名空间注入属性

测试类代码

/**使用P命名空间注入*/

public class IoC_By_P {

private Integer id;

private String name;

private User user;

/**检查是否注入成功*/

public Boolean checkAttr() {

if(id == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("id:" + id);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if(name == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("name:" + name);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if(user == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" +

user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

System.out.println("全部正确!!!");

return true;

}

//使用P命名空间注入属性需要设置set方法

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void setUser(User user) {

this.user = user;

}

}

applicationContext.xml配置

<!-- 使用P命名空间注入各种类型属性 -->

<bean id="user2" class="com.bc.pojo.User">

<property name="id" value="1"/>

<property name="userName" value="P"/>

<property name="passWord" value="233"/>

</bean>

<bean id="ioC_By_P" class="com.bc.ioc.demo04.IoC_By_P" p:id="1"

p:name="命名空间" p:user-ref="user2"></bean>

测试代码

public class IoC_Test {

private ApplicationContext ctx;

@Before

public void load() {

//读取applicationContext.xml配置文件

ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

}

@Test

public void PTest() {

IoC_By_P ioc = (IoC_By_P) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_P");

ioc.checkAttr();

}

}

控制台结果

id:1

----------------------------

name:命名空间

----------------------------

user:1|P|233

----------------------------

全部正确!!!

5、使用注解方式注入

Spring在3.0以后,提供了基于Annotation(注解)的注入。

1.@Autowired-对成员变量、方法和构造函数进行标注,来完成自动装配的工作,不推荐使用

2.@Qualifier-配合@Autowired来解决装配多个同类型的bean

3.@Resource-JSR-250标准注解,作用相当于@Autowired,只不过@Autowired按byType自动注入,而@Resource默认按byName自动注入

4.@PostConstruct-在方法上加上注解@PostConstruct,这个方法就会在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器执行

5.@PreDestroy-在方法上加上注解@PreDestroy,这个方法就会在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器执行

6.@Component-只需要在对应的类上加上一个@Component注解,就将该类定义为一个Bean,不推荐使用,推荐使用更加细化的三种:@Repository、@Service、@Controller

@Repository存储层Bean

@Service业务层Bean

@Controller展示层Bean

7.@Scope-定义Bean的作用范围

首先配置applicationContext.xml开启注解

<!-- 扫描包中注解标注的类 -->

<context:component-scan base-package="com.bc.ioc.demo05"/>

实体Bean加注解

@Repository

public class User {

private Integer id = 1;

private String userName = "注解注入";

private String passWord = "233";

public User() {

super();

}

public User(Integer id, String userName, String passWord) {

super();

this.id = id;

this.userName = userName;

this.passWord = passWord;

}

public Integer getId() {

return id;

}

public String getUserName() {

return userName;

}

public String getPassWord() {

return passWord;

}

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public void setUserName(String userName) {

this.userName = userName;

}

public void setPassWord(String passWord) {

this.passWord = passWord;

}

}

测试类代码加注解

/**使用注解注入属性*/

@Service("ioC_By_Annotation")

public class IoC_By_Annotation {

@Resource

private User user;

public void setUser(User user) {

this.user = user;

}

/**检查是否注入成功*/

public Boolean checkAttr() {

if(user == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" +

user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());

}

System.out.println("正确!!!");

return true;

}

}

测试代码

public class IoC_Test {

private ApplicationContext ctx;

@Before

public void load() {

//读取applicationContext.xml配置文件

ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

}

@Test

public void annotationTest() {

IoC_By_Annotation ioc = (IoC_By_Annotation) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Annotation");

ioc.checkAttr();

}

}

控制台输出

经测试使用注解注入如果applicationContext.xml配置有其他注入方式会报错,也会导致其他注入方式异常。

user:1|注解注入|233

正确!!!

6、通过配置静态工厂方法Bean注入

静态工厂代码

/**静态工厂*/

public class StaticFactory {

public static Integer getId() {

return 1;

}

public static String getName() {

return "静态工厂";

}

public static User getUser() {

return new User(1, "工厂User", "666");

}

}

测试类代码

/** 通过静态工厂方式注入 */

public class IoC_By_StaticFactory {

private Integer id;

private String name;

private User user;

/** 检查是否注入成功 */

public Boolean checkAttr() {

if (id == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("id:" + id);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if (name == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("name:" + name);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if (user == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|"

+ user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

System.out.println("全部正确!!!");

return true;

}

/**需要为需要注入的属性设置set方法*/

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void setUser(User user) {

this.user = user;

}

}

applicationContext.xml配置

<!-- 配置静态工厂方法Bean 其实就是将工厂方法返回的数值配置成Bean -->

<bean id="factory_id" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getId"/>

<bean id="factory_name" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getName"/>

<bean id="factory_user" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getUser"/>

<!-- 注入对应的静态工厂方法Bean -->

<bean id="ioC_By_StaticFactory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.IoC_By_StaticFactory">

<property name="id" ref="factory_id"/>

<property name="name" ref="factory_name"/>

<property name="user" ref="factory_user"/>

</bean>

测试代码

public class IoC_Test {

private ApplicationContext ctx;

@Before

public void load() {

//读取applicationContext.xml配置文件

ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

}

@Test

public void staticFactoryTest() {

IoC_By_StaticFactory ioc = (IoC_By_StaticFactory) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_StaticFactory");

ioc.checkAttr();

}

}

控制台输出结果

id:1

----------------------------

name:静态工厂

----------------------------

user:1|工厂User|666

----------------------------

全部正确!!!

7、通过实例工厂方法注入

与静态工厂区别在于实例工厂不是静态的,需要先new 一个实例工厂对象,才可以配置其方法,而new 的这个对象也由spring来管理

工厂代码

/**实例工厂*/

public class Factory {

public Integer getId() {

return 1;

}

public String getName() {

return "实例工厂";

}

public User getUser() {

return new User(1, "实例工厂User", "233");

}

}

测试类代码

/**实例工厂注入*/

public class IoC_By_Factory {

private Integer id;

private String name;

private User user;

/** 检查是否注入成功 */

public Boolean checkAttr() {

if (id == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("id:" + id);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if (name == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("name:" + name);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

if (user == null) {

return false;

} else {

System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|"

+ user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());

}

System.out.println("----------------------------");

System.out.println("全部正确!!!");

return true;

}

/**需要为需要注入的属性设置set方法*/

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void setUser(User user) {

this.user = user;

}

}

applicationContext.xml配置

<!-- 配置实例工厂Bean -->

<bean id="factory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo07.Factory"/>

<!-- 配置实例工厂方法Bean -->

<bean id="f_id" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getId"/>

<bean id="f_name" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getName"/>

<bean id="f_user" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getUser"/>

<!-- 注入对应的实例工厂方法Bean -->

<bean id="ioC_By_Factory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo07.IoC_By_Factory">

<property name="id" ref="f_id"/>

<property name="name" ref="f_name"/>

<property name="user" ref="f_user"/>

</bean>

测试类代码

public class IoC_Test {

private ApplicationContext ctx;

@Before

public void load() {

//读取applicationContext.xml配置文件

ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

}

@Test

public void factoryTest() {

IoC_By_Factory ioc = (IoC_By_Factory) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Factory");

ioc.checkAttr();

}

}

控制台输出

id:1

----------------------------

name:实例工厂

----------------------------

user:1|实例工厂User|233

----------------------------

全部正确!!!

总结

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