详解Spring Boot读取配置文件与配置文件优先级
Spring Boot" title="Spring Boot">Spring Boot读取配置文件
1)通过注入ApplicationContext 或者 Environment对象来读取配置文件里的配置信息。
package com.ivan.config.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ConfigController {
@Autowired
ApplicationContext context;
@Autowired
Environment environment;
@RequestMapping(value="/config", method={RequestMethod.GET})
public String getConfigContent(){
String name = context.getEnvironment().getProperty("db.user.name");
return name;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/configEnv", method={RequestMethod.GET})
public String getConfigEnvironment(){
String name = environment.getProperty("db.user.name");
return name;
}
}
2)通过@ConfigurationProperties配合@PropertySource读取配置文件里的配置信息。
1:通过@PropertySource指定当前类里属性的配置文件地址,ConfigurationProperties可以指定配置的前缀,@Configuration用于定义一个配置类:
package com.ivan.config.entity;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
@Configuration
@PropertySource("classpath:config/druid.properties")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid")
public class DruidConfig {
private int initialSize;
private int minIdle;
private int maxActive;
private int maxWait;
private String validationQuery;
private boolean testWhileIdle;
private boolean testOnBorrow;
private boolean testOnReturn;
public int getInitialSize() {
return initialSize;
}
public void setInitialSize(int initialSize) {
this.initialSize = initialSize;
}
public int getMinIdle() {
return minIdle;
}
public void setMinIdle(int minIdle) {
this.minIdle = minIdle;
}
public int getMaxActive() {
return maxActive;
}
public void setMaxActive(int maxActive) {
this.maxActive = maxActive;
}
public int getMaxWait() {
return maxWait;
}
public void setMaxWait(int maxWait) {
this.maxWait = maxWait;
}
public String getValidationQuery() {
return validationQuery;
}
public void setValidationQuery(String validationQuery) {
this.validationQuery = validationQuery;
}
public boolean isTestWhileIdle() {
return testWhileIdle;
}
public void setTestWhileIdle(boolean testWhileIdle) {
this.testWhileIdle = testWhileIdle;
}
public boolean isTestOnBorrow() {
return testOnBorrow;
}
public void setTestOnBorrow(boolean testOnBorrow) {
this.testOnBorrow = testOnBorrow;
}
public boolean isTestOnReturn() {
return testOnReturn;
}
public void setTestOnReturn(boolean testOnReturn) {
this.testOnReturn = testOnReturn;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DruidConfig [initialSize=" + initialSize + ", minIdle=" + minIdle + ", maxActive=" + maxActive + ", maxWait=" + maxWait + ", validationQuery=" + validationQuery + ", testWhileIdle=" + testWhileIdle + ", testOnBorrow=" + testOnBorrow + ", testOnReturn=" + testOnReturn + "]";
}
}
2:对应的配置文件:
druid.initialSize=5
druid.minIdle=5
druid.maxActive=20
druid.maxWait=60000
druid.validationQuery=select 'x'
druid.testWhileIdle=true
druid.testOnBorrow=true
druid.testOnReturn=true
3:在需要用到的类通过@Autowired注入
package com.ivan.config.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.ivan.config.entity.DruidConfig;
@RestController
public class DruidConfigController {
@Autowired
public DruidConfig druidConfig;
@RequestMapping(value="/druidConfig", method={RequestMethod.GET})
public String getDruidConfig(){
return druidConfig.toString();
}
}
3)通过@Value注解
1:需要得到配置属性的类如下,可以在任何需要得到配置的地方用@Value注解
package com.ivan.config.entity;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class ValueTest {
@Value("${db.user.name}")
private String username;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
}
2:测试Controller类通过@Autowired注入实体类
package com.ivan.config.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.ivan.config.entity.ValueTest;
@RestController
public class ValueController {
@Autowired
private ValueTest value;
@RequestMapping(value="/configValue", method={RequestMethod.GET})
public String getConfig(){
return value.getUsername();
}
}
Spring boot 配置文件优先级:
1:命令行参数。(以--开头的参数,比如可以设置:--server.port对同一套代码设置不同的参数)
2: 通过 System.getProperties() 获取的 Java 系统参数。
3:操作系统环境变量(这解释了为什么你通过application.properties设置的user.name取的是系统的用户名了)
4:从 java:comp/env 得到的 JNDI 属性。
5: 应用 Jar 文件之外的属性文件(系统的application.properties文件)
6:应用 Jar 文件内部的属性文件。
7: 在应用配置 Java 类(包含“@Configuration”注解的 Java 类)中通过“@PropertySource”注解声明的属性文件。
8: 通过“SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties”声明的默认属性。
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