c# socket心跳超时检测的思路(适用于超大量TCP连接情况下)

假设一种情景:

TCP服务器有1万个客户端连接,如果客户端5秒钟不发数据,则要断开。服务端如何检测客户端是否超时?这看起来是一个非常简单的问题,其实不然!

最简单的处理方法是:

启动一个线程,每隔一段时间,检查每个连接是否超时。每次处理需要1万次检查。计算量太大!检查的时间间隔不能太小,否则大大增加计算量;如果间隔时间太大,超时误差会增大。

本文提出一种新颖的处理方法,就是针对这个看似简单而不易解决的问题!(以下用socket表示一个客户端连接)

1 内存布局图

假设socket3有新的数据到达,需要更新socket3所在的时间轴,处理逻辑如下:

2 处理过程分析:

基本的处理思路就是增加时间轴概念。将socket按最后更新时间排序。因为时间是连续的,不可能将时间分割太细。首先将时间离散,比如属于同一秒内的更新,被认为是属于同一个时间点。离散的时间间隔称为时间刻度,该刻度值可以根据具体情况调整。刻度值越小,超时计算越精确;但是计算量增大。如果时间刻度为10毫秒,则一秒的时间长度被划分为100份。所以需要对更新时间做规整,代码如下:

DateTime CreateNow()

{

DateTime now = DateTime.Now;

int m = 0;

if(now.Millisecond != 0)

{

if(_minimumScaleOfMillisecond == 1000)

{

now = now.AddSeconds(1); //尾数加1,确保超时值大于 给定的值

}

else

{

//如果now.Millisecond为16毫秒,精确度为10毫秒。则转换后为20毫秒

m = now.Millisecond - now.Millisecond % _minimumScaleOfMillisecond + _minimumScaleOfMillisecond;

if(m>=1000)

{

m -= 1000;

now = now.AddSeconds(1);

}

}

}

return new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day, now.Hour, now.Minute, now.Second,m);

}

属于同一个时间刻度的socket,被放入在一个哈希表中(见图中Group)。存放socket的类如下:

class SameTimeKeyGroup<T>

{

DateTime _timeStamp;

public DateTime TimeStamp => _timeStamp;

public SameTimeKeyGroup(DateTime time)

{

_timeStamp = time;

}

public HashSet<T> KeyGroup { get; set; } = new HashSet<T>();

public bool ContainKey(T key)

{

return KeyGroup.Contains(key);

}

internal void AddKey(T key)

{

KeyGroup.Add(key);

}

internal bool RemoveKey(T key)

{

return KeyGroup.Remove(key);

}

}

 定义一个List表示时间轴:

List<SameTimeKeyGroup<T>> _listTimeScale = new List<SameTimeKeyGroup<T>>();

 在_listTimeScale 前端的时间较旧,所以链表前端就是有可能超时的socket。

当有socket需要更新时,需要快速知道socket所在的group。这样才能将socket从旧的group移走,再添加到新的group中。需要新增一个链表:

Dictionary<T, SameTimeKeyGroup<T>> _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup = new Dictionary<T, SameTimeKeyGroup<T>>();

2.1 当socket有新的数据到达时,处理步骤:

  • 查找socket的上一个群组。如果该群组对应的时刻和当前时刻相同(时间都已经离散,才有可能相同),无需更新时间轴。
  • 从旧的群组删除,增加到新的群组。

public void UpdateTime(T key)

{

DateTime now = CreateNow();

//是否已存在,从上一个时间群组删除

if (_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.ContainsKey(key))

{

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup[key];

if (group.ContainKey(key))

{

if (group.TimeStamp == now) //同一时间更新,无需移动

{

return;

}

else

{

group.RemoveKey(key);

_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key);

}

}

}

//从超时组 删除

_timeoutSocketGroup.Remove(key);

//加入到新组

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> groupFromScaleList = GetOrCreateSocketGroup(now, out bool newCreate);

groupFromScaleList.AddKey(key);

_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Add(key, groupFromScaleList);

if (newCreate)

{

AdjustTimeout();

}

}

2.2 获取超时的socket

 时间轴从旧到新,对比群组的时间与超时时刻。就是链表_listTimeScale,从0开始查找。

/// <summary>

///timeLimit 值为超时时刻限制

///比如DateTime.Now.AddMilliseconds(-1000);表示 返回一秒钟以前的数据

/// </summary>

/// <param name="timeLimit">该时间以前的socket会被返回</param>

/// <returns></returns>

public List<T> GetTimeoutValue(DateTime timeLimit, bool remove = true)

{

if((DateTime.Now - timeLimit) > _maxSpan )

{

Debug.Write("GetTimeoutSocket timeLimit 参数有误!");

}

//从超时组 读取

List<T> result = new List<T>();

foreach(T key in _timeoutSocketGroup)

{

_timeoutSocketGroup.Add(key);

}

if(remove)

{

_timeoutSocketGroup.Clear();

}

while (_listTimeScale.Count > 0)

{

//时间轴从旧到新,查找对比

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _listTimeScale[0];

if(timeLimit >= group.TimeStamp)

{

foreach (T key in group.KeyGroup)

{

result.Add(key);

if (remove)

{

_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key);

}

}

if(remove)

{

_listTimeScale.RemoveAt(0);

}

}

else

{

break;

}

}

return result;

}

3 使用举例

//创建变量。最大超时时间为600秒,时间刻度为1秒

TimeSpanManage<Socket> _deviceActiveManage = TimeSpanManage<Socket>.Create(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(600), 1000);

//当有数据到达时,调用更新函数

_deviceActiveManage.UpdateTime(socket);

//需要在线程或定时器中,每隔一段时间调用,找出超时的socket

//找出超时时间超过600秒的socket。

foreach (Socket socket in _deviceActiveManage.GetTimeoutValue(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(-600)))

{

socket.Close();

}

4 完整代码

/// <summary>

/// 超时时间 时间间隔处理

/// </summary>

class TimeSpanManage<T>

{

TimeSpan _maxSpan;

int _minimumScaleOfMillisecond;

int _scaleCount;

List<SameTimeKeyGroup<T>> _listTimeScale = new List<SameTimeKeyGroup<T>>();

private TimeSpanManage()

{

}

/// <summary>

///

/// </summary>

/// <param name="maxSpan">最大时间时间</param>

/// <param name="minimumScaleOfMillisecond">最小刻度(毫秒)</param>

/// <returns></returns>

public static TimeSpanManage<T> Create(TimeSpan maxSpan, int minimumScaleOfMillisecond)

{

if (minimumScaleOfMillisecond <= 0)

throw new Exception("minimumScaleOfMillisecond 小于0");

if (minimumScaleOfMillisecond > 1000)

throw new Exception("minimumScaleOfMillisecond 不能大于1000");

if (maxSpan.TotalMilliseconds <= 0)

throw new Exception("maxSpan.TotalMilliseconds 小于0");

TimeSpanManage<T> result = new TimeSpanManage<T>();

result._maxSpan = maxSpan;

result._minimumScaleOfMillisecond = minimumScaleOfMillisecond;

result._scaleCount = (int)(maxSpan.TotalMilliseconds / minimumScaleOfMillisecond);

result._scaleCount++;

return result;

}

Dictionary<T, SameTimeKeyGroup<T>> _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup = new Dictionary<T, SameTimeKeyGroup<T>>();

public void UpdateTime(T key)

{

DateTime now = CreateNow();

//是否已存在,从上一个时间群组删除

if (_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.ContainsKey(key))

{

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup[key];

if (group.ContainKey(key))

{

if (group.TimeStamp == now) //同一时间更新,无需移动

{

return;

}

else

{

group.RemoveKey(key);

_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key);

}

}

}

//从超时组 删除

_timeoutSocketGroup.Remove(key);

//加入到新组

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> groupFromScaleList = GetOrCreateSocketGroup(now, out bool newCreate);

groupFromScaleList.AddKey(key);

_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Add(key, groupFromScaleList);

if (newCreate)

{

AdjustTimeout();

}

}

public bool RemoveSocket(T key)

{

bool result = false;

if (_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.ContainsKey(key))

{

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup[key];

result = group.RemoveKey(key);

_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key);

}

//从超时组 删除

bool result2 = _timeoutSocketGroup.Remove(key);

return result || result2;

}

/// <summary>

///timeLimit 值为超时时刻限制

///比如DateTime.Now.AddMilliseconds(-1000);表示 返回一秒钟以前的数据

/// </summary>

/// <param name="timeLimit">该时间以前的socket会被返回</param>

/// <returns></returns>

public List<T> GetTimeoutValue(DateTime timeLimit, bool remove = true)

{

if((DateTime.Now - timeLimit) > _maxSpan )

{

Debug.Write("GetTimeoutSocket timeLimit 参数有误!");

}

//从超时组 读取

List<T> result = new List<T>();

foreach(T key in _timeoutSocketGroup)

{

_timeoutSocketGroup.Add(key);

}

if(remove)

{

_timeoutSocketGroup.Clear();

}

while (_listTimeScale.Count > 0)

{

//时间轴从旧到新,查找对比

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _listTimeScale[0];

if(timeLimit >= group.TimeStamp)

{

foreach (T key in group.KeyGroup)

{

result.Add(key);

if (remove)

{

_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key);

}

}

if(remove)

{

_listTimeScale.RemoveAt(0);

}

}

else

{

break;

}

}

return result;

}

HashSet<T> _timeoutSocketGroup = new HashSet<T>();

private void AdjustTimeout()

{

while (_listTimeScale.Count > _scaleCount)

{

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _listTimeScale[0];

foreach (T key in group.KeyGroup)

{

_timeoutSocketGroup.Add(key);

}

_listTimeScale.RemoveAt(0);

}

}

private SameTimeKeyGroup<T> GetOrCreateSocketGroup(DateTime now, out bool newCreate)

{

if (_listTimeScale.Count == 0)

{

newCreate = true;

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> result = new SameTimeKeyGroup<T>(now);

_listTimeScale.Add(result);

return result;

}

else

{

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> lastGroup = _listTimeScale[_listTimeScale.Count - 1];

if (lastGroup.TimeStamp == now)

{

newCreate = false;

return lastGroup;

}

newCreate = true;

SameTimeKeyGroup<T> result = new SameTimeKeyGroup<T>(now);

_listTimeScale.Add(result);

return result;

}

}

DateTime CreateNow()

{

DateTime now = DateTime.Now;

int m = 0;

if(now.Millisecond != 0)

{

if(_minimumScaleOfMillisecond == 1000)

{

now = now.AddSeconds(1); //尾数加1,确保超时值大于 给定的值

}

else

{

//如果now.Millisecond为16毫秒,精确度为10毫秒。则转换后为20毫秒

m = now.Millisecond - now.Millisecond % _minimumScaleOfMillisecond + _minimumScaleOfMillisecond;

if(m>=1000)

{

m -= 1000;

now = now.AddSeconds(1);

}

}

}

return new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day, now.Hour, now.Minute, now.Second,m);

}

}

class SameTimeKeyGroup<T>

{

DateTime _timeStamp;

public DateTime TimeStamp => _timeStamp;

public SameTimeKeyGroup(DateTime time)

{

_timeStamp = time;

}

public HashSet<T> KeyGroup { get; set; } = new HashSet<T>();

public bool ContainKey(T key)

{

return KeyGroup.Contains(key);

}

internal void AddKey(T key)

{

KeyGroup.Add(key);

}

internal bool RemoveKey(T key)

{

return KeyGroup.Remove(key);

}

}

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