C++线程池的简单实现方法

本文以实例形式较为详细的讲述了C++线程池的简单实现方法。分享给大家供大家参考之用。具体方法如下:

一、几个基本的线程函数:

1.线程操纵函数:

int pthread_create(pthread_t *tidp, const pthread_attr_t *attr, (void*)(*start_rtn)(void *), void *arg); //创建

void pthread_exit(void *retval);            //终止自身

int pthread_cancel(pthread_t tid);            //终止其他.发送终止信号后目标线程不一定终止,要调用join函数等待

int pthread_join(pthread_t tid, void **retval);   //阻塞并等待其他线程

2.属性:

int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr);           //初始化属性

int pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr, int detachstate); //设置分离状态

int pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr);           //销毁属性

 

3.同步函数

互斥锁

int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr); //初始化锁

int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //销毁锁

int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //加锁

int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //尝试加锁,上面lock的非阻塞版本

int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //解锁

4.条件变量

int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cv, const pthread_condattr_t *cattr); //初始化

int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond); //销毁

int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //等待条件

int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond); //通知,唤醒第一个调用pthread_cond_wait()而进入睡眠的线程

5.工具函数

int pthread_equal(pthread_t t1, pthread_t t2); //比较线程ID

int pthread_detach(pthread_t tid); //分离线程

pthread_t pthread_self(void); //自身ID

上述代码中,线程的cancel和join,以及最后的工具函数,这些函数的参数都为结构体变量,其他的函数参数都是结构体变量指针;品味一下,参数为指针的,因为都需要改变结构体的内容,而参数为普通变量的,则只需要读内容即可。

二、线程池代码:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <pthread.h> //linux环境中多线程的头文件,非C语言标准库,编译时最后要加 -lpthread 调用动态链接库

//工作链表的结构

typedef struct worker {

void *(*process)(void *arg); //工作函数

void *arg; //函数的参数

struct worker *next;

}CThread_worker;

//线程池的结构

typedef struct {

pthread_mutex_t queue_lock; //互斥锁

pthread_cond_t queue_ready; //条件变量/信号量

CThread_worker *queue_head; //指向工作链表的头结点,临界区

int cur_queue_size; //记录链表中工作的数量,临界区

int max_thread_num; //最大线程数

pthread_t *threadid; //线程ID

int shutdown; //开关

}CThread_pool;

static CThread_pool *pool = NULL; //一个线程池变量

int pool_add_worker(void *(*process)(void *arg), void *arg); //负责向工作链表中添加工作

void *thread_routine(void *arg); //线程例程

//线程池初始化

void pool_init(int max_thread_num)

{

int i = 0;

pool = (CThread_pool *) malloc (sizeof(CThread_pool)); //创建线程池

pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->queue_lock), NULL); //互斥锁初始化,参数为锁的地址

pthread_cond_init( &(pool->queue_ready), NULL); //条件变量初始化,参数为变量地址

pool->queue_head = NULL;

pool->cur_queue_size = 0;

pool->max_thread_num = max_thread_num;

pool->threadid = (pthread_t *) malloc(max_thread_num * sizeof(pthread_t));

for (i = 0; i < max_thread_num; i++) {

pthread_create(&(pool->threadid[i]), NULL, thread_routine, NULL); //创建线程, 参数为线程ID变量地址、属性、例程、参数

}

pool->shutdown = 0;

}

//例程,调用具体的工作函数

void *thread_routine(void *arg)

{

printf("starting thread 0x%x\n", (int)pthread_self());

while(1) {

pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->queue_lock)); //从工作链表中取工作,要先加互斥锁,参数为锁地址

while(pool->cur_queue_size == 0 && !pool->shutdown) { //链表为空

printf("thread 0x%x is waiting\n", (int)pthread_self());

pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_ready), &(pool->queue_lock)); //等待资源,信号量用于通知。会释放第二个参数的锁,以供添加;函数返回时重新加锁。

}

if(pool->shutdown) {

pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->queue_lock)); //结束开关开启,释放锁并退出线程

printf("thread 0x%x will exit\n", (int)pthread_self());

pthread_exit(NULL); //参数为void *

}

printf("thread 0x%x is starting to work\n", (int)pthread_self());

--pool->cur_queue_size;

CThread_worker *worker = pool->queue_head;

pool->queue_head = worker->next;

pthread_mutex_unlock (&(pool->queue_lock)); //获取一个工作后释放锁

(*(worker->process))(worker->arg); //做工作

free(worker);

worker = NULL;

}

pthread_exit(NULL);

}

//销毁线程池

int pool_destroy()

{

if(pool->shutdown) //检测结束开关是否开启,若开启,则所有线程会自动退出

return -1;

pool->shutdown = 1;

pthread_cond_broadcast( &(pool->queue_ready) ); //广播,唤醒所有线程,准备退出

int i;

for(i = 0; i < pool->max_thread_num; ++i)

pthread_join(pool->threadid[i], NULL); //主线程等待所有线程退出,只有join第一个参数不是指针,第二个参数类型是void **,接收exit的返回值,需要强制转换

free(pool->threadid);

CThread_worker *head = NULL;

while(pool->queue_head != NULL) { //释放未执行的工作链表剩余结点

head = pool->queue_head;

pool->queue_head = pool->queue_head->next;

free(head);

}

pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->queue_lock)); //销毁锁和条件变量

pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_ready));

free(pool);

pool=NULL;

return 0;

}

void *myprocess(void *arg)

{

printf("threadid is 0x%x, working on task %d\n", (int)pthread_self(), *(int*)arg);

sleep (1);

return NULL;

}

//添加工作

int pool_add_worker(void *(*process)(void *arg), void *arg)

{

CThread_worker *newworker = (CThread_worker *) malloc(sizeof(CThread_worker));

newworker->process = process; //具体的工作函数

newworker->arg = arg;

newworker->next = NULL;

pthread_mutex_lock( &(pool->queue_lock) ); //加锁

CThread_worker *member = pool->queue_head; //插入链表尾部

if( member != NULL ) {

while( member->next != NULL )

member = member->next;

member->next = newworker;

}

else {

pool->queue_head = newworker;

}

++pool->cur_queue_size;

pthread_mutex_unlock( &(pool->queue_lock) ); //解锁

pthread_cond_signal( &(pool->queue_ready) ); //通知一个等待的线程

return 0;

}

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

pool_init(3); //主线程创建线程池,3个线程

int *workingnum = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * 10);

int i;

for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {

workingnum[i] = i;

pool_add_worker(myprocess, &workingnum[i]); //主线程负责添加工作,10个工作

}

sleep (5);

pool_destroy(); //销毁线程池

free (workingnum);

return 0;

}

希望本文所述对大家的C++程序设计有所帮助。

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