java 实现websocket的两种方式实例详解
一、介绍
1.两种方式，一种使用tomcat的websocket实现，一种使用spring的websocket
2.tomcat的方式需要tomcat 7.x，JEE7的支持。
3.spring与websocket整合需要spring 4.x，并且使用了socketjs，对不支持websocket的浏览器可以模拟websocket使用
二、方式一：tomcat
使用这种方式无需别的任何配置，只需服务端一个处理类，
服务器端代码
package com.Socket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import javax.websocket.*;
import javax.websocket.server.PathParam;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
@ServerEndpoint("/websocket/{username}")
public class WebSocket {
private static int onlineCount = 0;
private static Map<String, WebSocket> clients = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, WebSocket>();
private Session session;
private String username;
@OnOpen
public void onOpen(@PathParam("username") String username, Session session) throws IOException {
this.username = username;
this.session = session;
addOnlineCount();
clients.put(username, this);
System.out.println("已连接");
}
@OnClose
public void onClose() throws IOException {
clients.remove(username);
subOnlineCount();
}
@OnMessage
public void onMessage(String message) throws IOException {
JSONObject jsonTo = JSONObject.fromObject(message);
if (!jsonTo.get("To").equals("All")){
sendMessageTo("给一个人", jsonTo.get("To").toString());
}else{
sendMessageAll("给所有人");
}
}
@OnError
public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) {
error.printStackTrace();
}
public void sendMessageTo(String message, String To) throws IOException {
// session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
//session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
for (WebSocket item : clients.values()) {
if (item.username.equals(To) )
item.session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
}
}
public void sendMessageAll(String message) throws IOException {
for (WebSocket item : clients.values()) {
item.session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
}
}
public static synchronized int getOnlineCount() {
return onlineCount;
}
public static synchronized void addOnlineCount() {
WebSocket.onlineCount++;
}
public static synchronized void subOnlineCount() {
WebSocket.onlineCount--;
}
public static synchronized Map<String, WebSocket> getClients() {
return clients;
}
}
客户端js
var websocket = null;
var username = localStorage.getItem("name");
//判断当前浏览器是否支持WebSocket
if ('WebSocket' in window) {
websocket = new WebSocket("ws://" + document.location.host + "/WebChat/websocket/" + username + "/"+ _img);
} else {
alert('当前浏览器 Not support websocket')
}
//连接发生错误的回调方法
websocket.onerror = function() {
setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket连接发生错误");
};
//连接成功建立的回调方法
websocket.onopen = function() {
setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket连接成功");
}
//接收到消息的回调方法
websocket.onmessage = function(event) {
setMessageInnerHTML(event.data);
}
//连接关闭的回调方法
websocket.onclose = function() {
setMessageInnerHTML("WebSocket连接关闭");
}
//监听窗口关闭事件，当窗口关闭时，主动去关闭websocket连接，防止连接还没断开就关闭窗口，server端会抛异常。
window.onbeforeunload = function() {
closeWebSocket();
}
//关闭WebSocket连接
function closeWebSocket() {
websocket.close();
}
发送消息只需要使用websocket.send(“发送消息”)，就可以触发服务端的onMessage()方法，当连接时，触发服务器端onOpen()方法，此时也可以调用发送消息的方法去发送消息。关闭websocket时，触发服务器端onclose()方法，此时也可以发送消息，但是不能发送给自己，因为自己的已经关闭了连接，但是可以发送给其他人。
三、方法二：spring整合
WebSocketConfig.java
这个类是配置类，所以需要在spring mvc配置文件中加入对这个类的扫描，第一个addHandler是对正常连接的配置，第二个是如果浏览器不支持websocket，使用socketjs模拟websocket的连接。
package com.websocket;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.handler.TextWebSocketHandler;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketConfigurer {
@Override
public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addHandler(chatMessageHandler(),"/webSocketServer").addInterceptors(new ChatHandshakeInterceptor());
registry.addHandler(chatMessageHandler(), "/sockjs/webSocketServer").addInterceptors(new ChatHandshakeInterceptor()).withSockJS();
}
@Bean
public TextWebSocketHandler chatMessageHandler(){
return new ChatMessageHandler();
}
}
ChatHandshakeInterceptor.java
这个类的作用就是在连接成功前和成功后增加一些额外的功能，Constants.java类是一个工具类，两个常量。
package com.websocket;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.support.HttpSessionHandshakeInterceptor;
public class ChatHandshakeInterceptor extends HttpSessionHandshakeInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler,
Map<String, Object> attributes) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Before Handshake");
/*
* if (request instanceof ServletServerHttpRequest) {
* ServletServerHttpRequest servletRequest = (ServletServerHttpRequest)
* request; HttpSession session =
* servletRequest.getServletRequest().getSession(false); if (session !=
* null) { //使用userName区分WebSocketHandler，以便定向发送消息 String userName =
* (String) session.getAttribute(Constants.SESSION_USERNAME); if
* (userName==null) { userName="default-system"; }
* attributes.put(Constants.WEBSOCKET_USERNAME,userName);
*
* } }
*/
//使用userName区分WebSocketHandler，以便定向发送消息(使用shiro获取session,或是使用上面的方式)
String userName = (String) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession().getAttribute(Constants.SESSION_USERNAME);
if (userName == null) {
userName = "default-system";
}
attributes.put(Constants.WEBSOCKET_USERNAME, userName);
return super.beforeHandshake(request, response, wsHandler, attributes);
}
@Override
public void afterHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler,
Exception ex) {
System.out.println("After Handshake");
super.afterHandshake(request, response, wsHandler, ex);
}
}
ChatMessageHandler.java
这个类是对消息的一些处理，比如是发给一个人，还是发给所有人，并且前端连接时触发的一些动作
package com.websocket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.web.socket.CloseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketSession;
import org.springframework.web.socket.handler.TextWebSocketHandler;
public class ChatMessageHandler extends TextWebSocketHandler {
private static final ArrayList<WebSocketSession> users;// 这个会出现性能问题，最好用Map来存储，key用userid
private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ChatMessageHandler.class);
static {
users = new ArrayList<WebSocketSession>();
}
/**
* 连接成功时候，会触发UI上onopen方法
*/
@Override
public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception {
System.out.println("connect to the websocket success......");
users.add(session);
// 这块会实现自己业务，比如，当用户登录后，会把离线消息推送给用户
// TextMessage returnMessage = new TextMessage("你将收到的离线");
// session.sendMessage(returnMessage);
}
/**
* 在UI在用js调用websocket.send()时候，会调用该方法
*/
@Override
protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) throws Exception {
sendMessageToUsers(message);
//super.handleTextMessage(session, message);
}
/**
* 给某个用户发送消息
*
* @param userName
* @param message
*/
public void sendMessageToUser(String userName, TextMessage message) {
for (WebSocketSession user : users) {
if (user.getAttributes().get(Constants.WEBSOCKET_USERNAME).equals(userName)) {
try {
if (user.isOpen()) {
user.sendMessage(message);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
}
/**
* 给所有在线用户发送消息
*
* @param message
*/
public void sendMessageToUsers(TextMessage message) {
for (WebSocketSession user : users) {
try {
if (user.isOpen()) {
user.sendMessage(message);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Override
public void handleTransportError(WebSocketSession session, Throwable exception) throws Exception {
if (session.isOpen()) {
session.close();
}
logger.debug("websocket connection closed......");
users.remove(session);
}
@Override
public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus closeStatus) throws Exception {
logger.debug("websocket connection closed......");
users.remove(session);
}
@Override
public boolean supportsPartialMessages() {
return false;
}
}
spring-mvc.xml
正常的配置文件，同时需要增加对WebSocketConfig.java类的扫描，并且增加
xmlns:websocket="http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket"
http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket/spring-websocket-4.1.xsd" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket/spring-websocket-4.1.xsd</a>
客户端
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://localhost:8080/Bank/js/sockjs-0.3.min.js"></script>
<script>
var websocket;
if ('WebSocket' in window) {
websocket = new WebSocket("ws://" + document.location.host + "/Bank/webSocketServer");
} else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
websocket = new MozWebSocket("ws://" + document.location.host + "/Bank/webSocketServer");
} else {
websocket = new SockJS("http://" + document.location.host + "/Bank/sockjs/webSocketServer");
}
websocket.onopen = function(evnt) {};
websocket.onmessage = function(evnt) {
$("#test").html("(<font color='red'>" + evnt.data + "</font>)")
};
websocket.onerror = function(evnt) {};
websocket.onclose = function(evnt) {}
$('#btn').on('click', function() {
if (websocket.readyState == websocket.OPEN) {
var msg = $('#id').val();
//调用后台handleTextMessage方法
websocket.send(msg);
} else {
alert("连接失败!");
}
});
</script>
注意导入socketjs时要使用地址全称，并且连接使用的是http而不是websocket的ws
总结
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