springboot项目中jackson-序列化-处理 NULL教程

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

在项目中有事需要对值为NULL的对象中Field不做序列化输入配置方式如下：

[配置类型]：

源码包中的枚举类：


public static enum Include {
 ALWAYS,
 NON_NULL,
 NON_ABSENT,
 NON_EMPTY,
 NON_DEFAULT,
 USE_DEFAULTS;
 private Include() {
 }
}

Include.Include.ALWAYS 默认

Include.NON_DEFAULT 属性为默认值不序列化

Include.NON_EMPTY 属性为空（“”）或者为 NULL 都不序列化

Include.NON_NULL 属性为NULL 不序列化

方式一：全局配置，处理所有整个应用的实体对象

#对日期类型的转换配置

spring.jackson.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

# 配置参数如下 always non_absent non_default non_empty non_null use_defaults

spring.jackson.default-property-inclusion=non_null

方式二：在需要序列的话的实体类上加注解 ->[配置类型]所列

@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NULL)

方式三：配置类型

3.1自定义序列化实现类，可以作用在类上自定义json序列化需要实现StdSerializer<T>或者JsonSerializer<T>


@JsonSerialize(using = ClientObjectSerialize.class)
public class CreditBorrowerRepaymentRequestDto{
}

实现类：对字段类型转换，以及对值为null字段的过滤


public class ClientObjectSerialize extends JsonSerializer<CreditBorrowerRepaymentRequestDto>{
 @Override
 public void serialize(CreditBorrowerRepaymentRequestDto dto, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
  jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();
  try {
   Field[] fields = dto.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
   for (Field field : fields) {
    field.setAccessible(true);
    if(null == field.get(dto)){
     continue; 
    }
    jsonGenerator.writeFieldName(field.getName());
    jsonGenerator.writeObject(field.get(dto));
   }
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();
 }
}

3.2自定义序列化实现类，可以作用在实体对象字段上，对NULL值的处理，或者转换


@JsonSerialize(using = ClientStringSerialize.class)
private String name;
@JsonSerialize(using = ClientDtaeSerialize.class)
private Date date;
public class ClientStringSerialize extends JsonSerializer<String> {
 @Override
 public void serialize(String string, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
  if(string == null){
   jsonGenerator.writeString(string + "[NULL]");
  }else{
   jsonGenerator.writeString(string);
  }
 }
}
public class ClientDtaeSerialize extends JsonSerializer<Date> {
 @Override
 public void serialize(Date createDate, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
  jsonGenerator.writeString(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(createDate));
 }
}

实践总结：

一当全局配置了NULL字段过滤的配置，但有的实体对象需要序列化出NULL的字段值，如何处理？

答：

1. 直接在对象上增加 @JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.ALWAYS) 类上的注解优先级比较高，会覆盖全局的配置

2.用自定义的类序列化注解（同上）

二直接在字段上加自定义序列化类会覆盖全局配置吗？

答：不会，有默认的 public class NullSerializer extends StdSerializer<Object> 来处理，当值不为Null的时候才会执行自定义字段上的序列化注解实现类

补充知识：SpringBoot中Jackson返回null处理,字符串类型转空串,数组集合转[],对象转{}

SpringBoot返回Json数据中null值处理，将字符串类型null值转换为""，将集合数组类型null值转换为[]，将原始数据类型null值转换为0，将布尔类型null值转换为false，将实体对象null值转换为{}。

1.自定义null值序列化处理器


import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 自定义null值序列化处理器
 */
public class CustomizeNullJsonSerializer {
 /**
  * 处理数组集合类型的null值
  */
 public static class NullArrayJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Object> {
  @Override
  public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, 
    SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
   jsonGenerator.writeStartArray();
   jsonGenerator.writeEndArray();
  }
 }
 /**
  * 处理字符串类型的null值
  */
 public static class NullStringJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Object> {
  @Override
  public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, 
    SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
   jsonGenerator.writeString("");
  }
 }
 /**
  * 处理数值类型的null值
  */
 public static class NullNumberJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Object> {
  @Override
  public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, 
        SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
   jsonGenerator.writeNumber(0);
  }
 }
 /**
  * 处理boolean类型的null值
  */
 public static class NullBooleanJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Object> {
  @Override
  public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, 
        SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
   jsonGenerator.writeBoolean(false);
  }
 }
 /**
  * 处理实体对象类型的null值
  */
 public static class NullObjectJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Object> {
  @Override
  public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, 
        SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
   jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();
   jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();
  }
 }
}

2.序列化程序修改器


import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanDescription;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationConfig;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.BeanPropertyWriter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.BeanSerializerModifier;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * <pre>
 * 此modifier主要做的事情为：
 * 1.当序列化类型为数组集合时，当值为null时，序列化成[]
 * 2.String类型值序列化为""
 *
 * </pre>
 */
public class MyBeanSerializerModifier extends BeanSerializerModifier {
 @Override
 public List<BeanPropertyWriter> changeProperties(SerializationConfig config, 
              BeanDescription beanDesc,
              List<BeanPropertyWriter> beanProperties) {
  // 循环所有的beanPropertyWriter
  for (int i = 0; i < beanProperties.size(); i++) {
   BeanPropertyWriter writer = beanProperties.get(i);
   // 判断字段的类型，如果是数组或集合则注册nullSerializer
   if (isArrayType(writer)) {
    // 给writer注册一个自己的nullSerializer 
    writer.assignNullSerializer(new CustomizeNullJsonSerializer.NullArrayJsonSerializer());
   }
   if (isStringType(writer)) {
    writer.assignNullSerializer(new CustomizeNullJsonSerializer.NullStringJsonSerializer());
   }
  }
  return beanProperties;
 }
 /**
  * 是否是数组
  */
 private boolean isArrayType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
  Class<?> clazz = writer.getType().getRawClass();
  return clazz.isArray() || Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
 }
 /**
  * 是否是String
  */
 private boolean isStringType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
  Class<?> clazz = writer.getType().getRawClass();
  return CharSequence.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) || Character.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
 }
 /**
  * 是否是数值类型
  */
 private boolean isNumberType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
  Class<?> clazz = writer.getType().getRawClass();
  return Number.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
 }
 /**
  * 是否是boolean
  */
 private boolean isBooleanType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
  Class<?> clazz = writer.getType().getRawClass();
  return clazz.equals(Boolean.class);
 }
}

3.配置Jackson实体


import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder;
/**
 * 配置Jackson实体
 */
@Configuration
public class JacksonConfig {
 @Bean
 @Primary
 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(ObjectMapper.class)
 public ObjectMapper jacksonObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder) {
  ObjectMapper objectMapper = builder.createXmlMapper(false).build();
  /** 为objectMapper注册一个带有SerializerModifier的Factory */
  objectMapper.setSerializerFactory(objectMapper.getSerializerFactory()
    .withSerializerModifier(new MyBeanSerializerModifier()));
  SerializerProvider serializerProvider = objectMapper.getSerializerProvider();
  serializerProvider.setNullValueSerializer(new CustomizeNullJsonSerializer
 .NullObjectJsonSerializer());
  return objectMapper;
 }
}