Spring Boot中的WebMvcTest

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：问答

我有一个基本的SpringBoot" title="SpringBoot">SpringBoot应用程序，嵌入式Tomcat，Thymeleaf模板引擎以及作为可执行JAR文件的软件包。

我有这个课：

@Service
public class I18NService {
    /** The application logger */
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(I18NService.class);
    @Autowired
    private MessageSource messageSource;
    ...
}

这个控制器

@Controller
public class ForgotMyPasswordController extends TdkController {
    @Autowired
    private I18NService i18NService;
    @Autowired
    private EmailService emailService;
...
}

启动应用程序正常，此测试也可以正常运行

public class ForgotMyPasswordControllerTests {
    private ForgotMyPasswordController controller;
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        controller = new ForgotMyPasswordController();
    }
    @Test
    public void testHandleListRequest() {
        assertEquals("forgotmypassword/emailForm", controller.forgotPasswordGet());
    }
}

但是当我运行这个时：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@WebMvcTest
public class MockMvcTests {
    // Pull in the application context created by @ContextConfiguration
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Before
    public void setup() {
        // Setup MockMVC to use our Spring Configuration
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }
    @Test
    public void getDeviceEventsTest() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc
                .perform(get("/forgotmypassword") //
                        .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("text/html;charset=UTF-8")))
                .andExpect(status().isOk()) //
                .andExpect(model().size(0)); //
    }
}

我收到此错误：

16486 [main] ERROR o.s.test.context.TestContextManager - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@5876a9af] to prepare test instance [com.tdk.iot.web.controllers.MockMvcTests@6b1e7ad3] java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:189) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:131) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'forgotMyPasswordController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'i18NService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.tdk.web.i18n.I18NService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:553) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:737) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:370) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:314) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116) ... 25 common frames omitted Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.tdk.web.i18n.I18NService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1486) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585) ... 43 common frames omitted

回答：

WebMvcTest的重点仅是加载MVC组件。其他组件必须被模拟。阅读文档：

要测试Spring MVC控制器是否按预期工作，可以使用@WebMvcTest批注。@WebMvcTest将自动配置Spring
MVC基础结构，并将扫描的bean限制为@ Controller，@ ControllerAdvice，@
JsonComponent，Filter，WebMvcConfigurer和HandlerMethodArgumentResolver。使用此注释时，不会扫描常规@Component
bean。
通常，@ WebMvcTest将限于单个控制器，并与@MockBean结合使用，以为所需的协作者提供模拟实现。

以上是 Spring Boot中的WebMvcTest 的全部内容，来源链接： utcz.com/qa/435984.html

Spring Boot中的WebMvcTest

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