Python-如何生成一个列表的所有排列?
如何在Python中生成一个列表的所有排列,独立于该列表中元素的类型?
例如:
permutations([])[]
permutations([1])
[1]
permutations([1, 2])
[1, 2]
[2, 1]
permutations([1, 2, 3])
[1, 2, 3]
[1, 3, 2]
[2, 1, 3]
[2, 3, 1]
[3, 1, 2]
[3, 2, 1]
回答:
从Python 2.6(如果你使用的是Python 3)开始,你可以使用标准库工具:itertools.permutations。
import itertoolslist(itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3]))
如果你出于某种原因使用旧版Python(<2.6
),或者只是想知道它的工作原理,那么这是一种不错的方法,取自 http://code.activestate.com/recipes/252178/:
def all_perms(elements): if len(elements) <=1:
yield elements
else:
for perm in all_perms(elements[1:]):
for i in range(len(elements)):
# nb elements[0:1] works in both string and list contexts
yield perm[:i] + elements[0:1] + perm[i:]
的文档中列出了几种替代方法itertools.permutations
。这是一个:
def permutations(iterable, r=None): # permutations('ABCD', 2) --> AB AC AD BA BC BD CA CB CD DA DB DC
# permutations(range(3)) --> 012 021 102 120 201 210
pool = tuple(iterable)
n = len(pool)
r = n if r is None else r
if r > n:
return
indices = range(n)
cycles = range(n, n-r, -1)
yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r])
while n:
for i in reversed(range(r)):
cycles[i] -= 1
if cycles[i] == 0:
indices[i:] = indices[i+1:] + indices[i:i+1]
cycles[i] = n - i
else:
j = cycles[i]
indices[i], indices[-j] = indices[-j], indices[i]
yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r])
break
else:
return
另一个基于itertools.product
:
def permutations(iterable, r=None): pool = tuple(iterable)
n = len(pool)
r = n if r is None else r
for indices in product(range(n), repeat=r):
if len(set(indices)) == r:
yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)
以上是 Python-如何生成一个列表的所有排列? 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/qa/433103.html