Python-如何生成一个列表的所有排列?

如何在Python中生成一个列表的所有排列,独立于该列表中元素的类型?

例如:

permutations([])

[]

permutations([1])

[1]

permutations([1, 2])

[1, 2]

[2, 1]

permutations([1, 2, 3])

[1, 2, 3]

[1, 3, 2]

[2, 1, 3]

[2, 3, 1]

[3, 1, 2]

[3, 2, 1]

回答:

从Python 2.6(如果你使用的是Python 3)开始,你可以使用标准库工具:itertools.permutations。

import itertools

list(itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3]))

如果你出于某种原因使用旧版Python(<2.6),或者只是想知道它的工作原理,那么这是一种不错的方法,取自 http://code.activestate.com/recipes/252178/:

def all_perms(elements):

if len(elements) <=1:

yield elements

else:

for perm in all_perms(elements[1:]):

for i in range(len(elements)):

# nb elements[0:1] works in both string and list contexts

yield perm[:i] + elements[0:1] + perm[i:]

的文档中列出了几种替代方法itertools.permutations。这是一个:

def permutations(iterable, r=None):

# permutations('ABCD', 2) --> AB AC AD BA BC BD CA CB CD DA DB DC

# permutations(range(3)) --> 012 021 102 120 201 210

pool = tuple(iterable)

n = len(pool)

r = n if r is None else r

if r > n:

return

indices = range(n)

cycles = range(n, n-r, -1)

yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r])

while n:

for i in reversed(range(r)):

cycles[i] -= 1

if cycles[i] == 0:

indices[i:] = indices[i+1:] + indices[i:i+1]

cycles[i] = n - i

else:

j = cycles[i]

indices[i], indices[-j] = indices[-j], indices[i]

yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r])

break

else:

return

另一个基于itertools.product

def permutations(iterable, r=None):

pool = tuple(iterable)

n = len(pool)

r = n if r is None else r

for indices in product(range(n), repeat=r):

if len(set(indices)) == r:

yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)

以上是 Python-如何生成一个列表的所有排列? 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/qa/433103.html

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