Python-通过键列表访问嵌套字典项?
我有一个复杂的字典结构,我想通过一个键列表来访问该字典以解决正确的项。
dataDict = { "a":{
"r": 1,
"s": 2,
"t": 3
},
"b":{
"u": 1,
"v": {
"x": 1,
"y": 2,
"z": 3
},
"w": 3
}
}
maplist = ["a", "r"]
要么
maplist = ["b", "v", "y"]
我已经制作了下面的代码,但是可以肯定的是,如果有人有想法,那么我可以找到一种更好,更有效的方法。
# Get a given data from a dictionary with position provided as a listdef getFromDict(dataDict, mapList):
for k in mapList: dataDict = dataDict[k]
return dataDict
# Set a given data in a dictionary with position provided as a list
def setInDict(dataDict, mapList, value):
for k in mapList[:-1]: dataDict = dataDict[k]
dataDict[mapList[-1]] = value
回答:
使用reduce()
遍历词典:
from functools import reduce # forward compatibility for Python 3import operator
def getFromDict(dataDict, mapList):
return reduce(operator.getitem, mapList, dataDict)
并重getFromDict
用以查找用于存储值的位置setInDict()
:
def setInDict(dataDict, mapList, value): getFromDict(dataDict, mapList[:-1])[mapList[-1]] = value
除了最后一个元素外,所有元素mapList
都需要查找“父”字典以将值添加到其中,然后使用最后一个元素将值设置为右键。
演示:
>>> getFromDict(dataDict, ["a", "r"])1
>>> getFromDict(dataDict, ["b", "v", "y"])
2
>>> setInDict(dataDict, ["b", "v", "w"], 4)
>>> import pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(dataDict)
{'a': {'r': 1, 's': 2, 't': 3},
'b': {'u': 1, 'v': {'w': 4, 'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}, 'w': 3}}
请注意,Python PEP8
样式指南规定了函数的snake_case
名称。上面的方法同样适用于列表或字典和列表的混合,因此名称应为get_by_path()and set_by_path()
:
from functools import reduce # forward compatibility for Python 3import operator
def get_by_path(root, items):
"""Access a nested object in root by item sequence."""
return reduce(operator.getitem, items, root)
def set_by_path(root, items, value):
"""Set a value in a nested object in root by item sequence."""
get_by_path(root, items[:-1])[items[-1]] = value
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