Node.js MySQL错误处理

我已经阅读了一些在node.js中使用mysql的示例,并且对错误处理有疑问。

大多数示例都进行如下错误处理(为简便起见):

app.get('/countries', function(req, res) {

pool.createConnection(function(err, connection) {

if (err) { throw err; }

connection.query(sql, function(err, results) {

if (err) { throw err; }

connection.release();

// do something with results

});

});

});

每次发生sql错误时,这都会导致服务器崩溃。我想避免这种情况并保持服务器运行。

我的代码是这样的:

app.get('/countries', function(req, res) {

pool.createConnection(function(err, connection) {

if (err) {

console.log(err);

res.send({ success: false, message: 'database error', error: err });

return;

}

connection.on('error', function(err) {

console.log(err);

res.send({ success: false, message: 'database error', error: err });

return;

});

connection.query(sql, function(err, results) {

if (err) {

console.log(err);

res.send({ success: false, message: 'query error', error: err });

return;

}

connection.release();

// do something with results

});

});

});

我不确定这是否是处理它的最佳方法。我也想知道connection.release()查询的err块中是否应该有一个。否则,连接可能会保持打开状态并随着时间的推移逐渐建立。

我习惯了Java try...catch...finallytry-with-

resources在这里可以“干净地”捕获任何错误并在最后关闭我的所有资源。有没有一种方法可以传播错误并在一处处理所有错误?

回答:

我决定使用es2017语法和Babel将其转换为Node7支持的es2016。

较新版本的Node.js无需转译即可支持此语法。

这是一个例子:

'use strict';

const express = require('express');

const router = express.Router();

const Promise = require('bluebird');

const HttpStatus = require('http-status-codes');

const fs = Promise.promisifyAll(require('fs'));

const pool = require('./pool'); // my database pool module, using promise-mysql

const Errors = require('./errors'); // my collection of custom exceptions

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// GET /v1/provinces/:id

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

router.get('/provinces/:id', async (req, res) => {

try {

// get a connection from the pool

const connection = await pool.createConnection();

try {

// retrieve the list of provinces from the database

const sql_p = `SELECT p.id, p.code, p.name, p.country_id

FROM provinces p

WHERE p.id = ?

LIMIT 1`;

const provinces = await connection.query(sql_p);

if (!provinces.length)

throw new Errors.NotFound('province not found');

const province = provinces[0];

// retrieve the associated country from the database

const sql_c = `SELECT c.code, c.name

FROM countries c

WHERE c.id = ?

LIMIT 1`;

const countries = await connection.query(sql_c, province.country_id);

if (!countries.length)

throw new Errors.InternalServerError('country not found');

province.country = countries[0];

return res.send({ province });

} finally {

pool.releaseConnection(connection);

}

} catch (err) {

if (err instanceof Errors.NotFound)

return res.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).send({ message: err.message }); // 404

console.log(err);

return res.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).send({ error: err, message: err.message }); // 500

}

});

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// GET /v1/provinces

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

router.get('/provinces', async (req, res) => {

try {

// get a connection from the pool

const connection = await pool.createConnection();

try {

// retrieve the list of provinces from the database

const sql_p = `SELECT p.id, p.code, p.name, p.country_id

FROM provinces p`;

const provinces = await connection.query(sql_p);

const sql_c = `SELECT c.code, c.name

FROM countries c

WHERE c.id = ?

LIMIT 1`;

const promises = provinces.map(async p => {

// retrieve the associated country from the database

const countries = await connection.query(sql_c, p.country_id);

if (!countries.length)

throw new Errors.InternalServerError('country not found');

p.country = countries[0];

});

await Promise.all(promises);

return res.send({ total: provinces.length, provinces });

} finally {

pool.releaseConnection(connection);

}

} catch (err) {

console.log(err);

return res.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).send({ error: err, message: err.message }); // 500

}

});

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// OPTIONS /v1/provinces

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

router.options('/provinces', async (req, res) => {

try {

const data = await fs.readFileAsync('./options/provinces.json');

res.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'HEAD,GET,OPTIONS');

res.setHeader('Allow', 'HEAD,GET,OPTIONS');

res.send(JSON.parse(data));

} catch (err) {

res.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).send({ error: err, message: err.message });

}

});

module.exports = router;

使用async/ await伴随此try { try { } finally { } } catch { }

pattern品牌清洁的错误处理,在那里你可以收集和处理在一个地方所有的错误。无论如何,finally块都会关闭数据库连接。

您只需要确保自始至终都在兑现承诺。对于数据库访问,我使用promise-

mysql模块而不是普通mysql模块。对于其他所有内容,我都使用bluebird模块和promisifyAll()

我还具有自定义的Exception类,可以在某些情况下抛出这些异常类,然后在catch块中检测到它们。根据可以在try块中引发哪些异常,我的catch块可能看起来像这样:

catch (err) {

if (err instanceof Errors.BadRequest)

return res.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).send({ message: err.message }); // 400

if (err instanceof Errors.Forbidden)

return res.status(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN).send({ message: err.message }); // 403

if (err instanceof Errors.NotFound)

return res.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).send({ message: err.message }); // 404

if (err instanceof Errors.UnprocessableEntity)

return res.status(HttpStatus.UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY).send({ message: err.message }); // 422

console.log(err);

return res.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).send({ error: err, message: err.message });

}

pool.js:

'use strict';

const mysql = require('promise-mysql');

const pool = mysql.createPool({

connectionLimit: 100,

host: 'localhost',

user: 'user',

password: 'password',

database: 'database',

charset: 'utf8mb4',

debug: false

});

module.exports = pool;

errors.js:

'use strict';

class ExtendableError extends Error {

constructor(message) {

if (new.target === ExtendableError)

throw new TypeError('Abstract class "ExtendableError" cannot be instantiated directly.');

super(message);

this.name = this.constructor.name;

this.message = message;

Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.contructor);

}

}

// 400 Bad Request

class BadRequest extends ExtendableError {

constructor(m) {

if (arguments.length === 0)

super('bad request');

else

super(m);

}

}

// 401 Unauthorized

class Unauthorized extends ExtendableError {

constructor(m) {

if (arguments.length === 0)

super('unauthorized');

else

super(m);

}

}

// 403 Forbidden

class Forbidden extends ExtendableError {

constructor(m) {

if (arguments.length === 0)

super('forbidden');

else

super(m);

}

}

// 404 Not Found

class NotFound extends ExtendableError {

constructor(m) {

if (arguments.length === 0)

super('not found');

else

super(m);

}

}

// 409 Conflict

class Conflict extends ExtendableError {

constructor(m) {

if (arguments.length === 0)

super('conflict');

else

super(m);

}

}

// 422 Unprocessable Entity

class UnprocessableEntity extends ExtendableError {

constructor(m) {

if (arguments.length === 0)

super('unprocessable entity');

else

super(m);

}

}

// 500 Internal Server Error

class InternalServerError extends ExtendableError {

constructor(m) {

if (arguments.length === 0)

super('internal server error');

else

super(m);

}

}

module.exports.BadRequest = BadRequest;

module.exports.Unauthorized = Unauthorized;

module.exports.Forbidden = Forbidden;

module.exports.NotFound = NotFound;

module.exports.Conflict = Conflict;

module.exports.UnprocessableEntity = UnprocessableEntity;

module.exports.InternalServerError = InternalServerError;

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