列表中每个*项目的Django过滤器查询集__in
假设我有以下型号
class Photo(models.Model): tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)
class Tag(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
在一个视图中,我有一个带有活动过滤器的列表,称为category。我想过滤所有具有类别标签的照片对象。
我试过了:
Photo.objects.filter(tags__name__in=categories)
但这匹配类别中的任何项目,而不是所有项目。
因此,如果类别是[‘holiday’,’summer’],我希望Photo带有假日和夏季标签。
能做到吗?
回答:
正如jpic和sgallen在评论中所建议的那样,可以.filter()为每个类别添加一个选项。每filter增加一个,就会添加更多的联接,这对于少量的类别来说应该不是问题。
有聚合 方法。对于大量类别,此查询将更短,甚至更快。
您还可以选择使用自定义查询。
一些例子
测试设置:
class Photo(models.Model):
tags = models.ManyToManyField(‘Tag’)
class Tag(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
def __unicode__(self): return self.name
In [2]: t1 = Tag.objects.create(name=’holiday’)
In [3]: t2 = Tag.objects.create(name=’summer’)
In [4]: p = Photo.objects.create()
In [5]: p.tags.add(t1)
In [6]: p.tags.add(t2)
In [7]: p.tags.all()
Out[7]: [
使用链接过滤器方法:
In [8]: Photo.objects.filter(tags=t1).filter(tags=t2)
Out[8]: [
结果查询:
In [17]: print Photo.objects.filter(tags=t1).filter(tags=t2).query
SELECT “test_photo”.”id”
FROM “test_photo”
INNER JOIN “test_photo_tags” ON (“test_photo”.”id” = “test_photo_tags”.”photo_id”)
INNER JOIN “test_photo_tags” T4 ON (“test_photo”.”id” = T4.”photo_id”)
WHERE (“test_photo_tags”.”tag_id” = 3 AND T4.”tag_id” = 4 )
请注意,每个都为查询filter添加了更多内容JOINS。
使用注释 方法:
In [29]: from django.db.models import Count
In [30]: Photo.objects.filter(tags__in=[t1, t2]).annotate(num_tags=Count(‘tags’)).filter(num_tags=2)
Out[30]: [
结果查询:
In [32]: print Photo.objects.filter(tags__in=[t1, t2]).annotate(num_tags=Count(‘tags’)).filter(num_tags=2).query
SELECT “test_photo”.”id”, COUNT(“test_photo_tags”.”tag_id”) AS “num_tags”
FROM “test_photo”
LEFT OUTER JOIN “test_photo_tags” ON (“test_photo”.”id” = “test_photo_tags”.”photo_id”)
WHERE (“test_photo_tags”.”tag_id” IN (3, 4))
GROUP BY “test_photo”.”id”, “test_photo”.”id”
HAVING COUNT(“test_photo_tags”.”tag_id”) = 2
ANDed Q对象不起作用:
In [9]: from django.db.models import Q
In [10]: Photo.objects.filter(Q(tags__name=’holiday’) & Q(tags__name=’summer’))
Out[10]: []
In [11]: from operator import and_
In [12]: Photo.objects.filter(reduce(and_, [Q(tags__name=’holiday’), Q(tags__name=’summer’)]))
Out[12]: []
结果查询:
In [25]: print Photo.objects.filter(Q(tags__name=’holiday’) & Q(tags__name=’summer’)).query
SELECT “test_photo”.”id”
FROM “test_photo”
INNER JOIN “test_photo_tags” ON (“test_photo”.”id” = “test_photo_tags”.”photo_id”)
INNER JOIN “test_tag” ON (“test_photo_tags”.”tag_id” = “test_tag”.”id”)
WHERE (“test_tag”.”name” = holiday AND “test_tag”.”name” = summer )
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