C＃vs Java枚举（适用于C＃新手）

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：问答

我已经用Java编程了一段时间，只是被扔到一个完全用C＃编写的项目中。我试图提高C＃的速度，并注意到在我的新项目中的多个地方都使用了枚举，但是乍一看，C＃的枚举似乎比Java

1.5+实现更简单。谁能列举C＃和Java枚举之间的差异，以及如何克服这些差异？（我不想发动语言大战，我只想知道如何用Java来做C＃中的某些事情）。例如，有人可以在Sun著名的Planet枚举示例中发布C＃副本吗？

public enum Planet {
  MERCURY (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6),
  VENUS   (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6),
  EARTH   (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6),
  MARS    (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6),
  JUPITER (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7),
  SATURN  (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7),
  URANUS  (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7),
  NEPTUNE (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7),
  PLUTO   (1.27e+22,  1.137e6);
  private final double mass;   // in kilograms
  private final double radius; // in meters
  Planet(double mass, double radius) {
      this.mass = mass;
      this.radius = radius;
  }
  public double mass()   { return mass; }
  public double radius() { return radius; }
  // universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
  public static final double G = 6.67300E-11;
  public double surfaceGravity() {
      return G * mass / (radius * radius);
  }
  public double surfaceWeight(double otherMass) {
      return otherMass * surfaceGravity();
  }
}
// Example usage (slight modification of Sun's example):
public static void main(String[] args) {
    Planet pEarth = Planet.EARTH;
    double earthRadius = pEarth.radius(); // Just threw it in to show usage
    // Argument passed in is earth Weight.  Calculate weight on each planet:
    double earthWeight = Double.parseDouble(args[0]);
    double mass = earthWeight/pEarth.surfaceGravity();
    for (Planet p : Planet.values())
       System.out.printf("Your weight on %s is %f%n",
                         p, p.surfaceWeight(mass));
}
// Example output:
$ java Planet 175
Your weight on MERCURY is 66.107583
Your weight on VENUS is 158.374842
[etc ...]

回答：

CLR中的枚举简称为常量。基础类型必须是整数。在Java中，枚举更像是类型的命名实例。该类型可能非常复杂，并且-如您的示例所示-包含多个不同类型的字段。

要将示例移植到C＃，我只需将枚举更改为不可变的类，并公开该类的静态只读实例：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Planet planetEarth = Planet.MERCURY;
            double earthRadius = pEarth.Radius; // Just threw it in to show usage
            double earthWeight = double.Parse("123");
            double earthMass   = earthWeight / pEarth.SurfaceGravity();
            foreach (Planet p in Planet.Values)
                Console.WriteLine($"Your weight on {p} is {p.SurfaceWeight(mass)}");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
    public class Planet
    {
        public static readonly Planet MERCURY = new Planet("Mercury", 3.303e+23, 2.4397e6);
        public static readonly Planet VENUS   = new Planet("Venus", 4.869e+24, 6.0518e6);
        public static readonly Planet EARTH   = new Planet("Earth", 5.976e+24, 6.37814e6);
        public static readonly Planet MARS    = new Planet("Mars", 6.421e+23, 3.3972e6);
        public static readonly Planet JUPITER = new Planet("Jupiter", 1.9e+27, 7.1492e7);
        public static readonly Planet SATURN  = new Planet("Saturn", 5.688e+26, 6.0268e7);
        public static readonly Planet URANUS  = new Planet("Uranus", 8.686e+25, 2.5559e7);
        public static readonly Planet NEPTUNE = new Planet("Neptune", 1.024e+26, 2.4746e7);
        public static readonly Planet PLUTO   = new Planet("Pluto", 1.27e+22, 1.137e6);
        public static IEnumerable<Planet> Values
        {
            get
            {
                yield return MERCURY;
                yield return VENUS;
                yield return EARTH;
                yield return MARS;
                yield return JUPITER;
                yield return SATURN;
                yield return URANUS;
                yield return NEPTUNE;
                yield return PLUTO;
            }
        }
        public string Name   { get; private set; }
        public double Mass   { get; private set; }
        public double Radius { get; private set; }
        Planet(string name, double mass, double radius) => 
            (Name, Mass, Radius) = (name, mass, radius);
        // Wniversal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
        public const double G = 6.67300E-11;
        public double SurfaceGravity()            => G * mass / (radius * radius);
        public double SurfaceWeight(double other) => other * SurfaceGravity();
        public override string ToString()         => name;
    }
}

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