如何使用Hibernate批注@ManyToOne和@OneToMany进行关联

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：问答

我通过使用本教程学习Spring，Hibernate，Maven：Chad Lung：一个使用Netbeans

7，JUnit，Maven，HSQLDB，Spring和Hibernate的项目。可以，但是我需要建立一对多关系（一个雇员有很多任务）。我已经尝试了许多示例，但仍然不知道如何使代码正常工作：

package com.giantflyingsaucer.simplespringhibernate.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
@Entity
@Table(name = "Employees")
public class Employee implements Serializable {
    private Integer employeeId;
    private List<Task> tasks;
    @Id
    @Column(name = "idEmployees", nullable=false)
    public Integer getEmployeeId() {
        return this.employeeId;
    }
    public void setEmployeeId(Integer employeeId) {
        this.employeeId = employeeId;
    }
    @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name="idEmployees")
    public List<Task> getTasks() {
        return tasks;
    }
}

package com.giantflyingsaucer.simplespringhibernate.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Entity
@Table(name = "Tasks")
public class Task implements Serializable {
    private Integer taskId;
    private Employee employee;
    @Id
    @Column(name = "idTasks", nullable=false)
    public Integer getTaskId() {
        return this.taskId;
    }
    public void setTaskId(Integer taskId) {
        this.taskId = taskId;
    }
    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "TasksIdEmployees")
    public Employee getEmployee() {return employee;}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
">
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
    destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClass">
        <value>${jdbc.driver.className}</value>
    </property>
    <property name="jdbcUrl">
        <value>${jdbc.url}</value>
    </property>
    <property name="user">
        <value>${jdbc.username}</value>
    </property>
    <property name="password">
        <value>${jdbc.password}</value>
    </property>
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource">
        <ref bean="dataSource" />
    </property>
    <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.giantflyingsaucer.simplespringhibernate.entity" />
    <property name="hibernateProperties">
        <props>
            <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${jdbc.hibernate.dialect}</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">false</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
    <property name="sessionFactory">
        <ref bean="sessionFactory" />
    </property>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven />

CREATE TABLE employees (
`idEmployees` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`idEmployees`)
);
CREATE TABLE tasks (
`idTasks` int(11) NOT NULL,
`TasksIdEmployees` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`idTasks`),
KEY `FkTasksEmployees_idx` (`TasksIdEmployees`),
CONSTRAINT `FkTasksEmployees` FOREIGN KEY (`TasksIdEmployees`) REFERENCES `employees`   (`idEmployees`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
);

非常感谢！

我通过在NetBeans中自动生成映射文件和POJO找到了答案：

// Employee.java:
    @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, mappedBy = "employees")
    public List<Task> getTasks() {
        return this.tasks;
    }
    public void setTasks(List<Task> tasks) {
        this.tasks = tasks;
    }
// Task.java:
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "TasksIdEmployees")
public Employee getEmployees() {
    return this.employee;
}
public void setEmployees(Employee employee) {
    this.employee = employee;
}

回答：

出问题的是以下内容：

@OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name="idEmployees")
public List<Task> getTasks() {
    return tasks;
}

这是错误的，原因有两个。

  1. @JoinColumn(name="idEmployees")表示：此OneToMany使用名为的连接列（即外键）进行映射idEmployees。但是联接列未命名为idEmployees。idEmployees是Employee表的主键。连接列的名称为TasksIdEmployees。输入正确的名称将使映射对于单向OneToMany关联正确。但是关联是双向的，这导致了第二个原因…

  2. 在双向关联中，没有必要（这是一个错误）在关联的两侧重复映射信息。一方（多方）必须是关联的所有者并定义映射。另一边必须是反面，只需说一下：去看另一边如何映射此关联。这是使用mapledBy属性完成的，该属性告诉Hibernate关联的另一端的字段或属性的名称：

        @OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee")
    public List<Task> getTasks() {
        return tasks;
    }

请注意，LAZY是toMany关联的默认设置，因此没有必要指定它。

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