在Golang中生成固定长度的随机十六进制字符串的有效方法?

我需要生成许多固定长度的随机十六进制字符串。

我正在做这样的事情:

const letterBytes = "abcdef0123456789"

const (

letterIdxBits = 6 // 6 bits to represent a letter index

letterIdxMask = 1<<letterIdxBits - 1 // All 1-bits, as many as letterIdxBits

letterIdxMax = 63 / letterIdxBits // # of letter indices fitting in 63 bits

)

var src = rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())

// RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc ...

// Src: https://stackoverflow.com/a/31832326/710955

func RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc(n int) string {

b := make([]byte, n)

// A src.Int63() generates 63 random bits, enough for letterIdxMax characters!

for i, cache, remain := n-1, src.Int63(), letterIdxMax; i >= 0; {

if remain == 0 {

cache, remain = src.Int63(), letterIdxMax

}

if idx := int(cache & letterIdxMask); idx < len(letterBytes) {

b[i] = letterBytes[idx]

i--

}

cache >>= letterIdxBits

remain--

}

return string(b)

}

var tryArr = make([]string, 10000)

for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {

tryArr[i] = RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc(8)

}

但是我遇到了这个紧急错误

panic: runtime error: index out of range

goroutine 36 [running]:

math/rand.(*rngSource).Int63(0x11bb1300, 0x8, 0x8)

D:/Applications/Go/src/math/rand/rng.go:231 +0xa0

main.RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc(0x8, 0x11f81be8, 0x8)

main.go:60 +0x5f

错误似乎在 for i, cache, remain := n-1, src.Int63(), letterIdxMax; i >=

0;,但我不知道为什么会出现此错误。

在Go中生成大量固定长度的随机十六进制字符串的最快,最简单的方法是什么?

package bench

import (

"encoding/hex"

"math/rand"

"testing"

"time"

)

const letterBytes = "abcdef0123456789"

const (

letterIdxBits = 4 // 4 bits to represent a letter index

letterIdxMask = 1<<letterIdxBits - 1 // All 1-bits, as many as letterIdxBits

letterIdxMax = 63 / letterIdxBits // # of letter indices fitting in 63 bits

)

var src1 = rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())

var src2 = rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))

// RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc returns a random hexadecimal string of length n.

func RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc1(n int) string {

b := make([]byte, n)

for i, cache, remain := n-1, src1.Int63(), letterIdxMax; i >= 0; {

if remain == 0 {

cache, remain = src1.Int63(), letterIdxMax

}

if idx := int(cache & letterIdxMask); idx < len(letterBytes) {

b[i] = letterBytes[idx]

i--

}

cache >>= letterIdxBits

remain--

}

return string(b)

}

func RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc2(n int) string {

b := make([]byte, (n+1)/2) // can be simplified to n/2 if n is always even

if _, err := src2.Read(b); err != nil {

panic(err)

}

return hex.EncodeToString(b)[:n]

}

func BenchmarkRandStringBytesMaskImprSrc1(b *testing.B) {

for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {

_ = RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc1(8)

}

}

func BenchmarkRandStringBytesMaskImprSrc2(b *testing.B) {

for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {

_ = RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc2(8)

}

}

goos: windows

goarch: 386

BenchmarkRandStringBytesMaskImprSrc1-4 20000000 116 ns/op 16 B/op 2 allocs/op

BenchmarkRandStringBytesMaskImprSrc2-4 10000000 231 ns/op 24 B/op 3 allocs/op

PASS

ok command-line-arguments 5.139s

=> icza RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc解决方案更有效

回答:

实际上,您发布的代码可以运行,即使其中有错误(请参见下文),也不会引起恐慌(只会使性能变差)。

您发布的堆栈跟踪指示math/rand软件包中的错误,我没有遇到过。请发布完整代码和Go版本+ env(go versiongo env)。

出现恐慌的原因/解决方案:

事实证明,询问者正在RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc()同时从多个goroutines

进行调用。RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc()使用的共享rand.Source实例对于并发使用是不安全的,因此math/rand程序包会出现恐慌。解决方法是rand.Source()为每个goroutine

创建一个单独的例程,并将其传递给RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc()


开头的“配置”常量存在错误:

const letterBytes = "abcdef0123456789"

const (

letterIdxBits = 6 // 6 bits to represent a letter index

letterIdxMask = 1<<letterIdxBits - 1 // All 1-bits, as many as letterIdxBits

letterIdxMax = 63 / letterIdxBits // # of letter indices fitting in 63 bits

)

该常数letterIdxBits应包含表示符号索引所需的位数。由于您使用的字母由16个元素组成(长度为letterBytes),因此16种组合仅需要4位:

letterIdxBits = 4                    // 4 bits to represent a letter index

测试示例:

var tryArr = make([]string, 10)

for i := range tryArr {

tryArr[i] = RandStringBytesMaskImprSrc(8)

}

fmt.Println(tryArr)

输出(在Go Playground上尝试):

[d3e7caa6 a69c9b7d c37a613b 92d5a43b 64059c4a 4f08141b 70130c65 1546daaf fe140fcd 0d714e4d]

(注意:由于Go游乐场的开始时间是固定的,并且输出已缓存,您将始终看到这些随机生成的字符串。在计算机上运行以查看随机结果。)

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