如何在Docker容器中使用架构初始化MySQL数据库?
我正在尝试使用MySQL数据库创建一个容器并将架构添加到这些数据库。
我当前的Dockerfile是:
FROM mysqlMAINTAINER (me) <email>
# Copy the database schema to the /data directory
COPY files/epcis_schema.sql /data/epcis_schema.sql
# Change the working directory
WORKDIR data
CMD mysql -u $MYSQL_USER -p $MYSQL_PASSWORD $MYSQL_DATABASE < epcis_schema.sql
为了创建容器,我遵循Docker提供的文档并执行以下命令:
docker run --name ${CONTAINER_NAME} -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=${DB_ROOT_PASSWORD} -e MYSQL_USER=${DB_USER} -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=${DB_USER_PASSWORD} -e MYSQL_DATABASE=${DB_NAME} -d mvpgomes/epcisdb
但是,当我执行此命令时,未创建容器,并且在容器状态下,可以看到未成功执行CMD,实际上仅mysql
执行了命令。
无论如何,有没有一种方法可以使用架构初始化数据库,或者我需要手动执行这些操作?
回答:
对于如此长的答案,我感到很抱歉,但是,您还有一点路要走。我会说通常情况下,您不会将数据库的存储空间与数据库本身放在相同的容器中,而是会挂载主机卷以使数据保留在Docker主机上,或者可能会使用一个容器保存数据(/
var / lib / mysql)。另外,我是mysql的新手,所以,这可能不是超级有效。那个…
我认为这里可能存在一些问题。Dockerfile用于创建映像。您需要执行构建步骤。至少,在包含Dockerfile的目录中,您将执行以下操作:
docker build .
Dockerfile描述了要创建的映像。我对mysql不太了解(我是一名Postgres迷),但是,我在互连网上进行了搜索,以查找“如何初始化mysql
docker容器”。首先,我创建了一个新目录以供使用,我将其称为mdir,然后创建了一个文件目录,该目录存放了一个epcis_schema.sql文件,该文件创建了一个数据库和一个表:
create database test;use test;
CREATE TABLE testtab
(
id INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT,
name TEXT,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) COMMENT='this is my test table';
然后,我在文件目录中创建了一个名为init_db的脚本:
#!/bin/bash# Initialize MySQL database.
# ADD this file into the container via Dockerfile.
# Assuming you specify a VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql"] or `-v /var/lib/mysql` on the `docker run` command…
# Once built, do e.g. `docker run your_image /path/to/docker-mysql-initialize.sh`
# Again, make sure MySQL is persisting data outside the container for this to have any effect.
set -e
set -x
mysql_install_db
# Start the MySQL daemon in the background.
/usr/sbin/mysqld &
mysql_pid=$!
until mysqladmin ping >/dev/null 2>&1; do
echo -n "."; sleep 0.2
done
# Permit root login without password from outside container.
mysql -e "GRANT ALL ON *.* TO root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '' WITH GRANT OPTION"
# create the default database from the ADDed file.
mysql < /tmp/epcis_schema.sql
# Tell the MySQL daemon to shutdown.
mysqladmin shutdown
# Wait for the MySQL daemon to exit.
wait $mysql_pid
# create a tar file with the database as it currently exists
tar czvf default_mysql.tar.gz /var/lib/mysql
# the tarfile contains the initialized state of the database.
# when the container is started, if the database is empty (/var/lib/mysql)
# then it is unpacked from default_mysql.tar.gz from
# the ENTRYPOINT /tmp/run_db script
(此脚本的大部分内容是从此处删除的:https :
//gist.github.com/pda/9697520)
这是我创建的files / run_db脚本:
# start dbset -e
set -x
# first, if the /var/lib/mysql directory is empty, unpack it from our predefined db
[ "$(ls -A /var/lib/mysql)" ] && echo "Running with existing database in /var/lib/mysql" || ( echo 'Populate initial db'; tar xpzvf default_mysql.tar.gz )
/usr/sbin/mysqld
最后,Dockerfile将它们全部绑定:
FROM mysqlMAINTAINER (me) <email>
# Copy the database schema to the /data directory
ADD files/run_db files/init_db files/epcis_schema.sql /tmp/
# init_db will create the default
# database from epcis_schema.sql, then
# stop mysqld, and finally copy the /var/lib/mysql directory
# to default_mysql_db.tar.gz
RUN /tmp/init_db
# run_db starts mysqld, but first it checks
# to see if the /var/lib/mysql directory is empty, if
# it is it is seeded with default_mysql_db.tar.gz before
# the mysql is fired up
ENTRYPOINT "/tmp/run_db"
因此,我进入了我的mdir目录(该目录具有Dockerfile和files目录)。然后,我运行命令:
docker build --no-cache .
您应该看到如下输出:
Sending build context to Docker daemon 7.168 kBSending build context to Docker daemon
Step 0 : FROM mysql
---> 461d07d927e6
Step 1 : MAINTAINER (me) <email>
---> Running in 963e8de55299
---> 2fd67c825c34
Removing intermediate container 963e8de55299
Step 2 : ADD files/run_db files/init_db files/epcis_schema.sql /tmp/
---> 81871189374b
Removing intermediate container 3221afd8695a
Step 3 : RUN /tmp/init_db
---> Running in 8dbdf74b2a79
+ mysql_install_db
2015-03-19 16:40:39 12 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
...
/var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0
---> 885ec2f1a7d5
Removing intermediate container 8dbdf74b2a79
Step 4 : ENTRYPOINT "/tmp/run_db"
---> Running in 717ed52ba665
---> 7f6d5215fe8d
Removing intermediate container 717ed52ba665
Successfully built 7f6d5215fe8d
您现在有一个图像‘7f6d5215fe8d’。我可以运行此图像:
docker run -d 7f6d5215fe8d
图像开始,我看到一个实例字符串:
4b377ac7397ff5880bc9218abe6d7eadd49505d50efb5063d6fab796ee157bd3
然后,我可以“停止”它,然后重新启动它。
docker stop 4b377docker start 4b377
如果您查看日志,第一行将包含:
docker logs 4b377Populate initial db
var/lib/mysql/
...
然后,在日志末尾:
Running with existing database in /var/lib/mysql
这些是来自/ tmp / run_db脚本的消息,第一个消息指示数据库已从保存的(初始)版本中解压缩,第二个消息指示数据库已经存在,因此使用了现有副本。
这是我上面描述的目录结构的ls -lR。请注意,init_db和run_db是设置了执行位的脚本:
gregs-air:~ gfausak$ ls -Rl mdirtotal 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 gfausak wheel 534 Mar 19 11:13 Dockerfile
drwxr-xr-x 5 gfausak staff 170 Mar 19 11:24 files
mdir/files:
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 gfausak staff 126 Mar 19 11:14 epcis_schema.sql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 gfausak staff 1226 Mar 19 11:16 init_db
-rwxr-xr-x 1 gfausak staff 284 Mar 19 11:23 run_db
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