如何在C ++ / Linux中创建目录树？

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：问答

我想要一种简单的方法来在C ++ / Linux中创建多个目录。

例如，我想在目录中保存文件lola.file：

/tmp/a/b/c

但是如果目录不存在，我希望它们可以自动创建。一个可行的例子将是完美的。

回答：

这是一个可以用C ++编译器编译的C函数。

/*
@(#)File:           $RCSfile: mkpath.c,v $
@(#)Version:        $Revision: 1.13 $
@(#)Last changed:   $Date: 2012/07/15 00:40:37 $
@(#)Purpose:        Create all directories in path
@(#)Author:         J Leffler
@(#)Copyright:      (C) JLSS 1990-91,1997-98,2001,2005,2008,2012
*/
/*TABSTOP=4*/
#include "jlss.h"
#include "emalloc.h"
#include <errno.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */
#include <string.h>
#include "sysstat.h"    /* Fix up for Windows - inc mode_t */
typedef struct stat Stat;
#ifndef lint
/* Prevent over-aggressive optimizers from eliminating ID string */
const char jlss_id_mkpath_c[] = "@(#)$Id: mkpath.c,v 1.13 2012/07/15 00:40:37 jleffler Exp $";
#endif /* lint */
static int do_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode)
{
    Stat            st;
    int             status = 0;
    if (stat(path, &st) != 0)
    {
        /* Directory does not exist. EEXIST for race condition */
        if (mkdir(path, mode) != 0 && errno != EEXIST)
            status = -1;
    }
    else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
    {
        errno = ENOTDIR;
        status = -1;
    }
    return(status);
}
/**
** mkpath - ensure all directories in path exist
** Algorithm takes the pessimistic view and works top-down to ensure
** each directory in path exists, rather than optimistically creating
** the last element and working backwards.
*/
int mkpath(const char *path, mode_t mode)
{
    char           *pp;
    char           *sp;
    int             status;
    char           *copypath = STRDUP(path);
    status = 0;
    pp = copypath;
    while (status == 0 && (sp = strchr(pp, '/')) != 0)
    {
        if (sp != pp)
        {
            /* Neither root nor double slash in path */
            *sp = '\0';
            status = do_mkdir(copypath, mode);
            *sp = '/';
        }
        pp = sp + 1;
    }
    if (status == 0)
        status = do_mkdir(path, mode);
    FREE(copypath);
    return (status);
}
#ifdef TEST
#include <stdio.h>
/*
** Stress test with parallel running of mkpath() function.
** Before the EEXIST test, code would fail.
** With the EEXIST test, code does not fail.
**
** Test shell script
** PREFIX=mkpath.$$
** NAME=./$PREFIX/sa/32/ad/13/23/13/12/13/sd/ds/ww/qq/ss/dd/zz/xx/dd/rr/ff/ff/ss/ss/ss/ss/ss/ss/ss/ss
** : ${MKPATH:=mkpath}
** ./$MKPATH $NAME &
** [...repeat a dozen times or so...]
** ./$MKPATH $NAME &
** wait
** rm -fr ./$PREFIX/
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int             i;
    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++)
        {
            if (fork() == 0)
            {
                int rc = mkpath(argv[i], 0777);
                if (rc != 0)
                    fprintf(stderr, "%d: failed to create (%d: %s): %s\n",
                            (int)getpid(), errno, strerror(errno), argv[i]);
                exit(rc == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        }
        int status;
        int fail = 0;
        while (wait(&status) != -1)
        {
            if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
                fail = 1;
        }
        if (fail == 0)
            printf("created: %s\n", argv[i]);
    }
    return(0);
}
#endif /* TEST */

宏STRDUP()和FREE()是对的错误检查版本，strdup()并free()在中声明emalloc.h（并在emalloc.c和中实现estrdup.c）。该"sysstat.h"标头处理的是旧版本，<sys/stat.h>可以<sys/stat.h>在现代Unix系统上替换（但是在1990年有很多问题）。并"jlss.h"声明mkpath()。