前进不能超过 （类型接口{}）

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：问答

我正处于起步阶段，想全神贯注于Go。目前，我正在模拟一个API请求，该请求返回一个包含对象数组的JSON格式的字符串。我正在尝试找出最合适的方法来遍历每个记录并访问每个字段。最终，每个字段都将被写入Excel电子表格，但是现在我只想打印每个字段的键和值。

这就是我所拥有的（我会在Go Playground中提供它，但不支持HTTP请求）：

    response, err := http.Get("http://go-proto.robwilkerson.org/demo.json")
    failOnError(err, "Uh oh")
    defer response.Body.Close()
    var view []interface{}
    json.NewDecoder(response.Body).Decode(&view)
    log.Printf(" [x] Pulled JSON: %s", view)
    for _, record := range view {
        log.Printf(" [===>] Record: %s", record)
        for key, val := range record {
            log.Printf(" [========>] %s = %s", key, val)
        }
    }

一切工作正常，直到尝试循环访问map包含每个记录的属性的的嵌套循环：

cannot range over record (type interface {})

我猜有两个问题：

  1. 嵌套循环是访问每个记录的每个属性的最有效/最有效的方法吗？

  2. 我应该怎么做才能解决该错误？

当我将解码后的数据转储到view变量中时，这是记录的结果：

[
    map[id:ef14912f-8031-42b3-8c50-7aa612287534 avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Vilma Hobbs email:vilmahobbs@exiand.com phone:+1 (886) 549-3522 address:471 Dahill Road, Jacksonwald, Alabama, 6026] 
    map[id:1b7bf182-2482-4b8b-8210-9dc9ee51069e avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Anne Dalton email:annedalton@exiand.com phone:+1 (994) 583-2947 address:660 Macdougal Street, Ticonderoga, Alaska, 7942] 
    map[id:f8027852-f52e-4bbb-bc9d-fb5e34929b40 avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Amie Ray email:amieray@exiand.com phone:+1 (853) 508-3649 address:878 Kane Street, Derwood, Minnesota, 3826] 
    map[id:b9842ab7-5053-48b4-a991-f5c63af8fb7e avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Hope Benton email:hopebenton@exiand.com phone:+1 (938) 542-2232 address:396 Osborn Street, Rowe, Massachusetts, 702] 
    map[id:8f9f6d8d-d14e-4ddc-acb2-eb96d3c3d7a8 avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Janine Kidd email:janinekidd@exiand.com phone:+1 (877) 474-2633 address:173 Manhattan Court, Hall, Virginia, 7376] 
    map[avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Kristen Yang email:kristenyang@exiand.com phone:+1 (862) 469-3446 address:203 Doughty Street, Westmoreland, Rhode Island, 849 id:210a6ae6-8227-4f26-a47c-448c400f26e9] 
    map[name:Murray Sosa email:murraysosa@exiand.com phone:+1 (814) 549-2536 address:811 Kingsland Avenue, Shepardsville, Hawaii, 9117 id:05f4f6af-19af-4b76-9aa8-9352281cf7d9 avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32] 
    map[phone:+1 (918) 476-2264 address:176 Underhill Avenue, Ebro, Washington, 8099 id:9d21268d-067c-4b16-a6cd-42d184c4c059 avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Paige Stanton email:paigestanton@exiand.com] 
    map[id:9946c19f-c226-4ff3-b578-57a249f8d0c7 avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Melisa Oconnor email:melisaoconnor@exiand.com phone:+1 (908) 429-3915 address:768 Wallabout Street, Cotopaxi, Florida, 3388] 
    map[id:ee0b82cb-4990-428b-ba36-088287a404ba avatar:http://placehold.it/32x32 name:Monique Poole email:moniquepoole@exiand.com phone:+1 (925) 564-2690 address:232 Hubbard Place, Islandia, Michigan, 3722]
]

回答：

未声明类型时，json包将解码为的默认值为：

bool, for JSON booleans
float64, for JSON numbers
string, for JSON strings
[]interface{}, for JSON arrays
map[string]interface{}, for JSON objects
nil for JSON null

由于record（在您的示例中）每个对象都是一个json对象，因此您可以map[string]interface{}像这样声明每个对象：

for _, record := range view {
    log.Printf(" [===>] Record: %s", record)
    if rec, ok := record.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
        for key, val := range rec {
            log.Printf(" [========>] %s = %s", key, val)
        }
    } else {
        fmt.Printf("record not a map[string]interface{}: %v\n", record)
    }
}

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