如何解析多行记录(使用awk?)

我试图弄清楚如何从由分隔的多行记录中提取特定字段\n\n

在这种情况下,它恰巧是从apt-cache类似于DEBIAN控制文件输出的。查看输出apt-cache show "$package"

Package: caffeine

Priority: optional

Section: misc

Installed-Size: 641

Maintainer: Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>

Architecture: all

Version: 2.8.3

Depends: python3:any (>= 3.3.2-2~), python3, gir1.2-gtk-3.0, gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1, python3-xlib, python3-pkg-resources, libnet-dbus-perl

Filename: pool/main/c/caffeine/caffeine_2.8.3_all.deb

Size: 58774

MD5sum: 4438db3f6d1cf43a4f4b49cc7f24cda0

SHA1: e748370ac5ccd7de6fc9466ce0451d2e90d179d4

SHA256: ae303b4e32949cc1e1af80df7217e3406291679e3f18fa8f78a5bbb97504c4f6

Description-en: Prevent the desktop becoming idle in full-screen mode

Caffeine stops the desktop becoming idle when an application

is running full-screen. A desktop indicator ‘caffeine-indicator’

supplies a manual toggle, and the command ‘caffeinate’ can be used

to prevent idleness for the duration of any command.

Description-md5: 7c14f8adc007b10f6ecafed36260bedb

Package: caffeine

Priority: optional

Section: misc

Installed-Size: 655

Maintainer: Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>

Architecture: all

Version: 2.6+555~ubuntu14.04.1

Depends: python:any (<< 2.8), python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~), python, gir1.2-gtk-2.0, gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1, x11-utils, python-dbus

Filename: pool/main/c/caffeine/caffeine_2.6+555~ubuntu14.04.1_all.deb

Size: 58604

MD5sum: 1051c3f7d40d344f986bb632d7436849

SHA1: 5e5f622595e8cbba8fb7468b3cffe2914b0ba110

SHA256: 11c5bbf2d28dcda6a7b82872195f740f1f79521b60d3c9acea3037bf0ab3a60e

Description: Prevent the desktop becoming idle

Caffeine allows the user to prevent the desktop becoming idle,

either manually or when certain applications are run. This

prevents screen-blanking, locking, suspending, and so on.

Description-md5: 738866350e5086e77408d7a9c7ffa59b

Package: caffeine

Status: install ok installed

Priority: optional

Section: misc

Installed-Size: 794

Maintainer: Isaiah Heyer <freshapplepy@gmail.com>

Architecture: all

Version: 2.4.1+478~raring1

Depends: dconf-gsettings-backend | gsettings-backend, python (>= 2.6), python-central (>= 0.6.11), python-xlib, python-appindicator, python-xdg, python-notify, python-kaa-metadata

Description: Caffeine

A status bar application able to temporarily prevent the activation

of both the screensaver and the "sleep" powersaving mode.

Description-md5: 1c29acf1ab0f2e6636db29fbde1d14a3

Homepage: https://launchpad.net/caffeine

Python-Version: >= 2.6

我想要的输出是格式中的每条记录一行apt-get download $pkg=$ver -a=$arch。基本上是可用软件包的安装命令列表…

到目前为止,我所拥有的是 apt-cache show "$package" | awk '/^Package: / { print $2 }

/^Version: / { print $2 } /^Architecture: / { print $2 }' | xargs -n3 | awk

'{printf "apt-get download %s=%s -a=%s\n", $1, $3, $2}'

这是实际输出:

apt-get download caffeine=2.8.3 -a=all

apt-get download caffeine=2.6+555~ubuntu14.04.1 -a=all

apt-get download caffeine=2.4.1+478~raring1 -a=all

是所需的,但似乎只是a幸,因为在此示例中字段的顺序是一致的。如果字段的顺序不同,则会中断。

我可以在Python中使用面向对象来进行此类解析,但是我很难在一个awk命令中完成此操作。我看到正确执行此操作的唯一方法是将每个记录拆分为单独的tmp文件(使用split或沿这些行的内容),然后分别解析每个文件(这很简单)。显然,我真的很想避免不必要的I

/

O,因为awk似乎已为此做好了准备。任何awk专业人士都知道如何解决此问题?我什至愿意接受Perl单线脚本或使用bash,但我真的对学习如何更好地利用awk感兴趣。

回答:

$ package=sed

$ apt-cache show "$package" | awk '/^Package: /{p=$2} /^Version: /{v=$2} /^Architecture: /{a=$2} /^$/{print "apt-get download "p"="v" -a="a}'

apt-get download sed=4.2.1-10 -a=amd64

怎么运行的

  • /^Package: /{p=$2}

将软件包信息保存在variable中p

  • /^Version: /{v=$2}

将版本信息保存在variable中v

  • /^Architecture: /{a=$2}

将体系结构信息保存在variable中a

  • /^$/{print "apt-get download "p"="v" -a="a}

当我们到达空白行时,以所需的形式打印出信息。

我的版本apt-cache总是在每个软件包后输出空白行。您的示例输出缺少最后一个空白行。如果您apt-

cache确实没有产生最后的空白行,那么我们将需要添加更多代码来进行补偿。

作为一个风格问题,有些人可能更喜欢printfprint。在这种情况下,请将以上内容替换为:

    /^$/{printf "apt-get download %s=%s -a=%s\n",v,p,a}'

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