PIVOT Oracle-将多行数据转换为具有多列的单行，没有聚合数据

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：问答

其中只有突出显示的行是感兴趣的行（（“ LN”，“SN”）中的标记），因为我仅对产品的序列号和批号感兴趣。我想将上面的数据集转换为以下数据集

它在1列中列出产品及其序列号和批号的位置。

在上网阅读后，我认为可能是PIVOT所需要的。但是，我在声明的技术方面苦苦挣扎。

我试过了：

select * from (
select * from TEST2 where tag in ('LN','SN')
)
PIVOT
(
  max(value)
  for tag in ('LN','SN')
)
order by category,subcat,item,"Date"

但这不会生成我想要的输出。有什么建议吗？PIVOT是正确使用的语句，还是在这种情况下更合适的其他语句？我意识到PIVOT需要聚合函数，但是我不计数也不添加任何东西。请指教。

以下是我的测试表及其数据

  CREATE TABLE "TEST2" 
   (    "Date" DATE, 
    "SUBCAT" VARCHAR2(6 BYTE), 
    "CATEGORY" VARCHAR2(7 BYTE), 
    "VALUE" VARCHAR2(17 BYTE), 
    "ITEM" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE), 
    "DESCRIPTION" VARCHAR2(15 BYTE), 
    "TAG" VARCHAR2(3 BYTE)
   )
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'25','OTHER ATTRIBUTE','OA');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'25','SOME COMMENTS','SC');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','1105618','25','Lot Number','LN');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','12','25','NOT RELEVANT','NR');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','45','25','NOT USE','NU');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','-1','25','DO NOT CARE','DC');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','3x12mm','25','Serial Number','SN');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'25','ABC','ABC');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'25','Whatever','DEF');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'28','SOME ATTRIBUTE','SA');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'28','OTHER ATTRIBUTE','OA');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','isq: 75, 80','28','Other Comments','OC');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'28','SOME COMMENTS','SC');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','1303757','28','Lot Number','LN');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','12','28','NOT RELEVANT','NR');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','40','28','NOT USE','NU');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576','0','28','DO NOT CARE','DC');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'28','ABC','ABC');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('24-OCT-13','DD-MON-RR'),'290223','1219576',null,'28','Whatever','DEF');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576',null,'4','SOME ATTRIBUTE','SA');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576',null,'4','OTHER ATTRIBUTE','OA');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576','1403114','4','Lot Number','LN');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576','11','4','NOT RELEVANT','NR');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576','50','4','NOT USE','NU');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576','0','4','DO NOT CARE','DC');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576',null,'4','Whatever','DEF');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576','7777777777','9','Lot Number','LN');
Insert into TEST2 ("Date",SUBCAT,CATEGORY,VALUE,ITEM,DESCRIPTION,TAG) values (to_date('18-JUN-15','DD-MON-RR'),'354506','1219576','9.999999999999E12','9','Serial Number','SN');

回答：

您无需对说明做任何事情，说明也随标签而有所不同。它没有聚合，因此在隐式“ group by”中，因此您在结果集中获得了单独的行。

您也可以使用另一个（虚拟）聚合来捕获它：

select * from (
  select * from TEST2 where tag in ('LN', 'SN')
)
PIVOT
(
  max(value) as value, max(description) as description
  for tag in ('LN' as ln, 'SN' as sn)
)
order by category, subcat, item, "Date";
Date      SUBCAT CATEGOR IT LN_VALUE          LN_DESCRIPTION  SN_VALUE          SN_DESCRIPTION
--------- ------ ------- -- ----------------- --------------- ----------------- ---------------
24-OCT-13 290223 1219576 25 1105618           Lot Number      3x12mm            Serial Number  
24-OCT-13 290223 1219576 28 1303757           Lot Number                                       
18-JUN-15 354506 1219576 4  1403114           Lot Number                                       
18-JUN-15 354506 1219576 9  7777777777        Lot Number      9.999999999999E12 Serial Number

或者，如果不想使用它，可以通过指定您想要的列而不是使用，将其从中间结果集中排除*：

select * from (
  select category, subcat, item, "Date", tag, value
  from TEST2 where tag in ('LN', 'SN')
)
PIVOT
(
  max(value) for tag in ('LN' as ln, 'SN' as sn)
)
order by category, subcat, item, "Date";
CATEGOR SUBCAT IT Date      LN                SN              
------- ------ -- --------- ----------------- -----------------
1219576 290223 25 24-OCT-13 1105618           3x12mm           
1219576 290223 28 24-OCT-13 1303757                            
1219576 354506 4  18-JUN-15 1403114                            
1219576 354506 9  18-JUN-15 7777777777        9.999999999999E12

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