如何在python中检查网络接口上的数据传输？

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：问答

有一种套接字方法可以获取给定网络接口的IP：

import socket
import fcntl
import struct
def get_ip_address(ifname):
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
        s.fileno(),
        0x8915,  # SIOCGIFADDR
        struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
    )[20:24])

返回以下内容：

>>> get_ip_address('lo')
'127.0.0.1'
>>> get_ip_address('eth0')
'38.113.228.130'

是否有类似的方法返回该接口的网络传输？我知道我可以阅读，/proc/net/dev但是我想使用套接字方法。

回答：

轮询以太网接口统计信息的最佳方法是通过SNMP …

看起来您正在使用linux …如果是，请在 *SNMPDOPTS

SNMPDOPTS='-Lsd -Lf /dev/null -u snmp -I

-smux,usmConf,iquery,dlmod,diskio,lmSensors,hr_network,snmpEngine,system_mib,at,interface,ifTable,ipAddressTable,ifXTable,ip,cpu,tcpTable,udpTable,ipSystemStatsTable,ip,snmp_mib,tcp,icmp,udp,proc,memory,snmpNotifyTable,inetNetToMediaTable,ipSystemStatsTable,disk

-Lsd -p /var/run/snmpd.pid'

您可能还需要将ro社区更改为public See Note 1并设置您的侦听接口/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf（如果不在环回上）…

假设您现在具有功能snmpd，则可以使用此方法轮询ifHCInBytes并ifHCOutBytes 查看有问题的接口的注释2。

：

from SNMP import v2Manager
import time
def poll_eth0(manager=None):
    # NOTE: 2nd arg to get_index should be a valid ifName value
    in_bytes = manager.get_index('ifHCInOctets', 'eth0')
    out_bytes = manager.get_index('ifHCOutOctets', 'eth0')
    return (time.time(), int(in_bytes), int(out_bytes))
# Prep an SNMP manager object...
mgr = v2Manager('localhost')
mgr.index('ifName')
stats = list()
# Insert condition below, instead of True...
while True:
    stats.append(poll_eth0(mgr))
    print poll_eth0(mgr)
    time.sleep(5)

：

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import re
class v2Manager(object):
    def __init__(self, addr='127.0.0.1', community='public'):
        self.addr      = addr
        self.community = community
        self._index = dict()
    def bulkwalk(self, oid='ifName'):
        cmd = 'snmpbulkwalk -v 2c -Osq -c %s %s %s' % (self.community,
            self.addr, oid)
        po = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE, executable='/bin/bash')
        output = po.communicate()[0]
        result = dict()
        for line in re.split(r'\r*\n', output):
            if line.strip()=="":
                continue
            idx, value = re.split(r'\s+', line, 1)
            idx = idx.replace(oid+".", '')
            result[idx] = value
        return result
    def bulkwalk_index(self, oid='ifOutOctets'):
        result = dict()
        if not (self._index==dict()):
            vals = self.bulkwalk(oid=oid)
            for key, val in vals.items():
                idx = self._index.get(key, None)
                if not (idx is None):
                    result[idx] = val
                else:
                    raise ValueError, "Could not find '%s' in the index (%s)" % self.index
        else:
            raise ValueError, "Call the index() method before calling bulkwalk_index()"
        return result
    def get_index(self, oid='ifOutOctets', index=''):
        # This method is horribly inefficient... improvement left as exercise for the reader...
        if index:
            return self.bulkwalk_index().get(index, "<unknown>")
        else:
            raise ValueError, "Please include an index to get"
    def index(self, oid='ifName'):
        self._index = self.bulkwalk(oid=oid)