如何在matplolib中使用子图创建常用的颜色条，常用标签和标题

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：问答

嘿，我正在尝试创建一个带有共享轴的4个子图的图。我试了几个小时才找到了沿着X轴的普通水平彩条的正确位置。我的代码小例子是：如何在matplolib中使用子图创建常用的颜色条，常用标签和标题

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import matplotlib as mpl 
import numpy as np 
# Simple data to display in various forms 
x = np.linspace(0, 1 * np.pi, 400) 
y = np.sin(x ** 2) 
z = x+y 
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2, sharex=True, sharey=True) 
#print(axes.flat[1]) 
ax1=axes.flat[0] 
ax2=axes.flat[1] 
ax3=axes.flat[2] 
ax4=axes.flat[3] 
scatter = ax1.scatter(x, y, c=z) 
ax2.scatter(x, y, c=z) 
ax3.scatter(x, 2 * y ** 2 - 1, c=z) 
ax4.scatter(x, 2 * y ** 2 - 1, c=z) 
#-----------------------------------------# 
ax1.set_xlim([0, 1]) 
ax1.set_ylim([0, 1]) 
ax2.set_xlim([0, 1]) 
ax2.set_ylim([0, 1]) 
ax3.set_xlim([0, 1]) 
ax3.set_ylim([0, 1]) 
ax4.set_xlim([0, 1]) 
ax4.set_ylim([0, 1]) 
ax1.set(aspect=1, adjustable='box-forced') 
ax2.set(aspect=1, adjustable='box-forced') 
ax3.set(aspect=1, adjustable='box-forced') 
ax4.set(aspect=1, adjustable='box-forced') 
ax1.set_ylabel('y') 
ax3.set_xlabel('x') 
ax3.set_ylabel('y') 
ax4.set_xlabel('x') 
plt.tight_layout() 
cax,kw = mpl.colorbar.make_axes([ax for ax in axes.flat], orientation='horizontal') 
plt.colorbar(scatter, cax=cax, **kw) 
#-----------------------------------------# 
fig.suptitle('Title', fontsize=20.00) 
plt.show()

1）我的主要问题：怎样才能让与AX3的x轴的左端和彩条的对齐端部对准的彩条的开头ax4的x轴的右边缘？

2）如何创建自动居中的常用x-label和y-label？

在此先感谢！

回答：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import AxesGrid 
import numpy as np 
import pylab 
# Simple data to display in various forms 
x = np.linspace(0, 1 * np.pi, 400) 
y = np.sin(x ** 2) 
z = x+y 
fig = plt.figure() 
grid = AxesGrid(fig, 111, # similar to subplot(142) 
        nrows_ncols=(2, 2), 
        axes_pad=0.3, 
        share_all=True, 
        label_mode="L", 
        cbar_location="bottom", 
        cbar_mode="single", 
        ) 
scatter = grid[0].scatter(x, y, c=z) 
grid[1].scatter(x, y, c=z) 
grid[2].scatter(x, 2 * y ** 2 - 1, c=z) 
grid[3].scatter(x, 2 * y ** 2 - 1, c=z) 
grid.cbar_axes[0].colorbar(scatter) 
pylab.figtext(.5, 0.15, 'x') 
pylab.figtext(.075, 0.55, 'y', rotation='vertical') 
for i in range(4): 
    grid[i].set_xlim([0, 1]) 
    grid[i].set_ylim([0, 1]) 
fig.suptitle('Title', fontsize=20.00) 
plt.show()