【Python】unix domain socket 浅析

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：技术分享

unix domain socket

unix domain socket 是在socket架构上发展起来的用于同一台主机的进程间通讯（IPC: Inter-Process Communication），它不需要经过网络协议栈，不需要打包拆包、计算校验和、维护序号和应答等，只是将应用层数据从一个进程拷贝到另一个进程。UNIX Domain Socket有SOCK_DGRAM或SOCK_STREAM两种工作模式，类似于UDP和TCP，但是面向消息的UNIX Domain Socket也是可靠的，消息既不会丢失也不会顺序错乱。

UNIX Domain Socket可用于两个没有亲缘关系的进程，是全双工的，是目前使用最广泛的IPC机制，比如X Window服务器和GUI程序之间就是通过UNIX Domain Socket通讯的。

UNIX Domain socket与网络socket类似，可以与网络socket对比应用。

上述二者编程的不同如下：

address family为AF_UNIX

因为应用于IPC，所以UNIXDomain socket不需要IP和端口，取而代之的是文件路径来表示“网络地址”。这点体现在下面两个方面。

地址格式不同，UNIXDomain socket用结构体sockaddr_un表示，是一个socket类型的文件在文件系统中的路径，这个socket文件由bind()调用创建，如果调用bind()时该文件已存在，则bind()错误返回。

UNIX Domain Socket客户端一般要显式调用bind函数，而不象网络socket一样依赖系统自动分配的地址。客户端bind的socket文件名可以包含客户端的pid，这样服务器就可以区分不同的客户端。

下面用python代码演示uds的使用

Python代码演示

服务端

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on 12/11/17 11:55 AM
@author: Chen Liang
@function: socket_echo_server_uds
"""
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import socket
import os
server_address = './uds_socket'
# Make sure the socket does not already exist
try:
os.unlink(server_address)
except OSError:
if os.path.exists(server_address):
raise
# Create a UDS socket
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# Bind the socket to the address
print('starting up on {}'.format(server_address))
sock.bind(server_address)
# Listen for incoming connections
sock.listen(1)
while True:
# Wait for a connection
print('waiting for a connection')
connection, client_address = sock.accept()
try:
print('connection from', client_address)
# Receive the data in small chunks and retransmit it
while True:
data = connection.recv(16)
print('received {!r}'.format(data))
if data:
print('sending data back to the client')
connection.sendall(data)
else:
print('no data from', client_address)
break
finally:
# Clean up the connection
connection.close()

客户端

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on 12/11/17 11:55 AM
@author: Chen Liang
@function: socket_echo_client_uds
"""
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import socket
import sys
# Create a UDS socket
sock = socket.socket(family=socket.AF_UNIX, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# Connect the socket to the port where the server is listening
server_address = './uds_socket'
print('connecting to {}'.format(server_address))
try:
sock.connect(server_address)
except socket.error as msg:
print(msg)
sys.exit(1)
try:
# Send data
message = b'This is the message.  It will be repeated.'
print('sending {!r}'.format(message))
sock.sendall(message)
amount_received = 0
amount_expected = len(message)
while amount_received < amount_expected:
data = sock.recv(16)
amount_received += len(data)
print('received {!r}'.format(data))
finally:
print('closing socket')
sock.close()

客户端一次发送，服务端分批返回。

服务端输出结果如下

[email protected]:~/PycharmProjects/python_scripts# python socket_echo_server_uds.py starting up on ./uds_socket waiting for a connection ('connection from', '') received 'This is the mess' sending data back to the client received 'age. It will be' sending data back to the client received ' repeated.' sending data back to the client received '' ('no data from', '')

waiting for a connection

客户端输出结果如下

[email protected]:~/PycharmProjects/python_scripts# python socket_echo_client_uds.py connecting to ./uds_socket sending 'This is the message. It will be repeated.' received 'This is the mess' received 'age. It will be' received ' repeated.'

closing socket

查看套接字文件的类型如下

[email protected]:~/PycharmProjects/python_scripts# ls -l ./uds_socket

srwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Dec 11 13:45 ./uds_socket

可见uds文件是socket类型。具体的linux文件类型有以下几种：

Linux的文件类型有以下几种: